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Paradigm, Methodology, Method: Cristian J. Tovar Klinger, PH.D

This document outlines key concepts related to research paradigms, methodologies, and methods. It discusses how paradigms represent a way of viewing reality and encompass philosophical assumptions and technical approaches. Methodology deals with principles for generating knowledge, including epistemology, ontology, logic, and axiology. Methods refer to specific technical procedures for conducting research, such as sampling, data collection, and analysis. The document also provides guidance on formulating a research question, including ensuring it identifies the central phenomenon, participants, site, and approach for qualitative questions or the population and variables for quantitative questions.

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Juliana Luna
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81 views

Paradigm, Methodology, Method: Cristian J. Tovar Klinger, PH.D

This document outlines key concepts related to research paradigms, methodologies, and methods. It discusses how paradigms represent a way of viewing reality and encompass philosophical assumptions and technical approaches. Methodology deals with principles for generating knowledge, including epistemology, ontology, logic, and axiology. Methods refer to specific technical procedures for conducting research, such as sampling, data collection, and analysis. The document also provides guidance on formulating a research question, including ensuring it identifies the central phenomenon, participants, site, and approach for qualitative questions or the population and variables for quantitative questions.

Uploaded by

Juliana Luna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PARADIGM, METHODOLOGY, METHOD

Cristian J. Tovar Klinger, Ph.D. (Southern Illinois University, USA.)


Associate Professor- Department of Linguistics and Languages- (Nariño
University)

Mario R. Rodriguez, M.A. Universidad Distrital (Francisco Jose de


Caldas)
Associate Professor- Department of Linguistics and Languages- (Nariño
University)
This Workshop Outcomes
Participants will be able to understand:
 The
concepts of paradigm, methodology and
method.
 Formulate a research question
 Be
conversant about paradigm, methodology and
method.
 Sharethis knowledge with other faculty
colleagues.
PARADIGM
“A set of assumptions, concepts, values and practices that
constitutes a way of viewing reality” (Mcgregor & Murnane)
Two overarching research paradigms
 Positivistic
 Post positivistic

A paradigm encompasses two dimensions:


 Philosophical ( basic beliefs and assumptions about the
world)
 Technical ( the methods and techniques adopted when
conducting research)
METHODOLOGY
A branch of knowledge that deals with the general
principles or axioms of the generation of new
knowledge.

Four Methodological Axioms:


 Epistemology
 Ontology
 Logic
 axiology
METHOD

Technical procedures applied to


conduct research. (Sampling, data
collection, data analysis, results
reporting).
 
What is a research question?

 reflects the problem that the researcher wants to


investigate.
 are interrogative statements that represent “an
extension of the statement of the purpose of the
study in that it specifies exactly the question that
the researcher will attempt to answer” (Johnson
& Christensen,2004, p. 77).
What is a research question?
Research questions have several roles:
 They provide a framework for conducting the study.
 Help the researcher to organize the research, give
relevance, direction, and coherence
 Help to keep the researcher focused during the
course of the investigation.
 Delimit the study.
 Give rise to the type of data that are eventually
collected.
Elements of Research Questions

Good qualitative questions should identify:

The central phenomenon


The participants
The site
The approach to inquiry (Creswell, 2013, p.138)
Elements of Research Questions

Good quantitative questions (descriptive,


comparative, or relationship research
questions) should identify:
 The population
 Theindependent and dependent variables
(Onwuegbuzie & Leech, 2006, p. 478)
Linking Research Questions Methods
Types of Research Questions
Quantitative Research Questions
 Most
quantitative research questions fall into one
of three categories: (a) descriptive, (b)
comparative, and (c) relationship.
 Descriptivequestions simply seek to quantify
responses on one or more variables.
 Example: “What is the graduation rate of doctoral
students in a distance education program?”
 Comparativequestions seek to compare two or
more groups on some outcome variable (i.e.,
dependent variable).
 Example: “What is the difference in attitudes towards
mathematics between first-grade and third-grade
students?”
 Relationshipquestions are concerned with trends
between (or among) two (or more) variables.
These questions often use words such as “relate,”
“relationship,” “association,” and “trend.”
 Example:“What is the relationship between age and job
satisfaction among registered nurses?”
Qualitative Research Questions
 These questions tend to seek, to discover, to understand,to interpret,
to construct, to explore a process, or describe experiences.
 Qualitative research questions typically describe, rather than relate
variables or compare groups, avoiding the use of words such as
“affect,” “influence,” “compare,” and “relate.”
 Qualitative research questions drive the research design (e.g.,
historical, case study, ethnography, phenomenology, grounded
theory, autoethnography)
 Example: “How do gang leaders select gang members?”
(ethnographic study)
 Example:“What are the constructions of survival and coping by
men who survive prostrate cancer?” (a grounded theory study.)
 Example:“What are the experiences of students
diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder?” (a phenomenological study).
 Example: “What are the implications of the No
Child Left Behind Act on high school principals
from Duval County?” (a case study.)
 Example: “What events led to the Brown versus
Board of Education ruling?” (a historical study.)
 Example: “How has my attitude toward mixed
methods research evolved as I completed my
doctoral program?” (an autoethnographical study.)
THANK YOU SO MUCH!!!

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