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8.03 Carriage of Rice in Bulk

Rice is a staple food shipped globally in bulk. There are two main types of rice - unprepared like paddy and brown rice, and prepared like white rice. Bulk rice cargoes consist mainly of white rice. Proper ventilation and temperature control are needed to prevent issues like mold, spoilage, self-heating, and agglomeration during transport. Rice requires careful handling and storage to maintain its quality.

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142 views19 pages

8.03 Carriage of Rice in Bulk

Rice is a staple food shipped globally in bulk. There are two main types of rice - unprepared like paddy and brown rice, and prepared like white rice. Bulk rice cargoes consist mainly of white rice. Proper ventilation and temperature control are needed to prevent issues like mold, spoilage, self-heating, and agglomeration during transport. Rice requires careful handling and storage to maintain its quality.

Uploaded by

Roken Zgoul
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Carriage of Rice in Bulk

Rice is the staple diet of much of


the world’s population and as
such is a popular bulk cargo.
The Product
 There are 2 main catagories of rice :
 Unprepared rice, which includes Paddy
rice & Brown rice.
 &
 Prepared rice which includes White rice.
 ‘Cargo rice’ is provided for marine
transport & consists of a mixture of 80%
White rice & 20% Paddy rice.
 In Paddy rice, the grains are covered by
dry skinned leaves & a reddish yellolw
skin.

 Rice may also be graded with regard to


the characteristics of the grain-
short,medium & long.
Storage Life
 Rice is dried prior to transport. At a water
content of 13%, rice has a storage life of
about 12 months. Increase the water
content to more than 16% and this
storage time is drastically reduced to
about 20 days.

Countries of Origin
 France, Italy,Hungary
 Egypt
 Burma,Pakistan,China,Thailand,India
 USA, Argentina,Uruguay
 Australia
Cargo Handling & Stowage
 Protect the cargo from rain, snow etc during loading
since wetting can lead to mold, spoilage & self-heating.
 Loading rice produces clouds of dust and this problem
must be considered when loading adjacent hatches.
 The stowage factor of bulk rice is 1.359 cubic metres per
tonne.
 Check the rice for pests such as weevils, rats & mice.
Rice is normally fumigated with methyl bromide.
 Note that the IMO ‘Code for Safe Carriage of Grain in
Bulk’ must be followed.
Stowage Space Considerations

 The space must be cool & dry with good


ventilation.
 Ensure that the space is clean, dry and
odour free.
CENTRELINE SUBDIVISION
REDUCES HEELING MOMENTS
Care of Cargo in Transit
 Rice requires particular temperature,
humidity, moisture & ventilation
conditions.
 Favourable travel temperatures range
from 5-25 degrees C.
 At water contents of more than 13% there
is a risk of mould developing.
 A high moisture content may also produce
the following problems:
 - mustiness
 - fermentation
 - self heating
 - sticking together of grains
(agglomeration)
 A certificate is provided by the shipper
which details the average water content of
the cargo. Water content tests should be
carried-out on board the vessel.
 Excessively damp rice will release water
constantly during the voyage.
 If seawater damage is suspected then a
seawater test may be carried-out.
 Excessive moisture content may cause the
rice to become rancid through the
formation of free fatty acids.
 There is a danger that the rice may
germinate due the effects of heat &
moisture.
 As rice is hygroscopic, dried rice may re-
absorb water when stored in moist,
tropical air.
 Rice grains are living organisms and will
continue to undergo metabolic processes
even after harvesting. The rice grains
absorb oxygen and excrete carbon
dioxide.
 At an excessively high water content, rice
will self-heat, especially when the water
content is more than 15% & relative
humidity exceed 75%.
 Wet rice, particularly if damaged by
seawater will develop a penetrating odour
which will spread through the hold and
contaminate the rest of the cargo.
Shrinkage
 Rice which has lost moisture since loading
may suffer a weight loss of between 1% &
3%.
 Loss of volume may also occur should
some of the grains stick to the ship’s side.
 The above may also occur due to dust
losses.
Ventilation
 The key to successful carriage of rice is good ventilation
practice.

 Surface ventilation is required for rice in bulk in order to


remove water vapour & carbon dioxide.

 In calm conditions , it may be prudent to open the hatch


covers in order to allow surface cooling.

 If there is a large temperature difference between the cargo


& external temperatures, ventilation should be stopped to
prevent any damp intermediate layers of cargo from
decomposing & sticking together.
SUMMARY
 Rice is thus a very sensitive cargo which
requires great care to ensure that there
are no problems due to odour, self-
heating, excessive moisture and
contamination by vermin & insects.

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