SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE

CASE STUDIES – GROUP 5

 INDIRA GANDHI PARYAVARAN BHAWAN , NEW DELHI
INTRODUCTION

• Indira Paryavaran Bhawan, the new office building for Ministry of Environment and
Forest (MoEF) sets is a radical change from a conventional building design.

• The project team put special emphasis on strategies for reducing  energy demand by
providing adequate natural light, shading,  landscape to reduce ambient temperature, and
energy efficient active building systems. Several energy conservation measures were adopted
to reduce the energy loads of the building and the remaining demand was met by producing
energy
from on-site installed high efficiency solar panels to achieve net zero criteria.

• Indira Paryavaran Bhawan uses 70% less energy compared a conventional building. The
• Location :New Delhi project adopted green building concepts including conservation and optimization of water by
• Occupancy Type : Office (MoEF) recycling waste water from the site.
• Architect : Anchal Garg
• Climate Type : Composite • Indira Paryavaran Bhawan is now India’s highest green rated building. The project has
• Project Area : 9,565 m2 received GRIHA 5 Star and LEED Platinum. The building has already won awards such as
•  Maximum Ground Coverage : 30% , F.A.R : 2 the Adarsh/GRIHA of MNRE for exemplary demonstration of Integration of
• Height : 35m Renewable Energy Technologies.
• Built-up Area : 3,1400 M2 , (18726 M2 – Superstructure
& 12675 M2 • - Basement)
• Year Of Completion : 2013
SITE LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY

• Primary Road (Aurobindomarg)

• The Site Is Surrounded On East By Ndmc Housing And 15m Row, On West By
12m Row And On North Lodhi Colony And 12m Row, On South Gpra Colony Of
Aliganj.
• The Plot Is Easily Approachable From Aurobindo Marg And Lodhi Road.
• A Metro Station "Jorbagh" Is At Walkable Distance Of About 300m From This
Place
ACHIEVEMENTS

 40% SAVINGS IN ENERGY

 ZERO ELECTRICITY BILLING
 55% SAVINGS IN WATER
 ZERO NET DISHARGE
 LARGEST ROOF TOP SOLAR POWER SYSTEM IN ANY MULTISTOREYED BUILDING
(930KWP)
 FIRST IN GOVERNMENT SECTOR TARGETED FOR BOTH RATINGS OF GREEN
BUILDING (5STAR GRIHA , LEED India PLATINUM)
CRITERION OF GRIHA FULFILLED : SITE PLANNING

Total : 20
MEASURES FOR SITE

 Wider Front Setback (22m) To Protect Front Tree Line

 Preserve The Integrity Of The Green Street
 Preservation Of The Local Ecology, Tree Cutting Approvals For 46, But
Only 19 Cut - 11 Trees Transplanted
 Excavated Soil Reutilized At Other Construction Sites And The Zoo
 The IPB Office Building For The Ministry Of Environment And Forests Has
Been Planned In 2 Parallel Blocks Facing The
 North South Direction, With A Large Linear Open Court In The Centre . The
Building Blocks Create A Porous Block Form To Optimize
 Air Movement Throughout The Site And The N- S Orientation Allows For
Optimum Solar Access And Shading.
 SITE PLANNING
• Effective Ventilation By Orientating The Building E-w And By Optimum Integration With Nature By Separating Out Different Blocks With
Connecting Corridors And A Huge Central Court Yard. E W N
 PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES
• Orientation: Building is north south oriented, with separate blocks
connected through corridors and a huge central court yard. Orientation minimizes
heat ingress. Optimal window to wall ratio.
• Landscaping: More than 50% area outside the building is covered with
plantation . Circulation roads and pathways are  soft paved to enable ground
water recharge.
• Daylighting: 75% of building floor space is day lit, thus reducing dependence on
artificial sources for lighting. Inner courtyard serves as a light well.
• Ventilation: Central courtyard helps in air movement as natural ventilation
happens due to stack effect. Windows and jaalis add to cross ventilation.
• Building Envelope and Fenestration:
• Optimized Building Envelope – Window assembly (U-Value 0.049
W/m2K),VLT 0.59, SHGC 0.32
• uPVC windows with hermetically sealed double glazed using low heat
transmittance index glass
• Rock wool insulation
• High efficiency glass
• Cool roofs: Use of high reflectance terrace tiles for heat ingress, high
strength, hard wearing.
PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES
•Materials and construction techniques :

• AAC blocks with fly ash

• Fly ash based plaster & mortar

• Stone and Ferro cement jaalis

• Local stone flooring

• Bamboo jute composite doors, frames and flooring

• High efficiency glass, high VLT, low SHGC &

Low U-value, optimized by appropriate shading

• Light shelves for diffused sunlight

More than 50% area outside the building is soft with

plantation and grassing . circulation roads and
pathways soft with grass paver blocks to enable
ground water recharge
BUILDING PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Total : 40
BUILDING PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION MEASURES
 REDUCE LANDSCAPE WATER REQUIREMENT- •Drip Irrigation •Use Of
Native Species Of Shrubs And Trees Having Low Water Demand In Landscaping
•Low Lawn Area So As To Reduce Water Demand.
 REUSE OF TREATED WATER FOR IRRIGATION REDUCE WATER USE
IN THE BUILDING- •Low Discharge Fixtures •Dual Flushing Cistern •Waste
Water Treatment •Reuse Of Treated Water For Irrigation And Cooling Towers For
HVAC •Rain Water Harvesting Efficient Water Use During Construction- •Use Of
Curing Compound
 SITE AND WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES : Appropriate Shading
from Summer Sun, while allowing in winter sun
 OPTIMIZE BUILDING DESIGN TO REDUCE CONVENTIONAL
ENERGY DEMAND.- • Energy Efficient Light Fittings To Reduce Energy
Demand • Part Condenser Water Heat Rejection By Geothermal Mechanism. This
Will Also Help In Water Conservation In Cooling Towers For Hvac System •
Variable Chilled Water Pumping System Through Vfd . Vfd On Cooling Towers
Fans And Ahu. • Pre Cooling Of Fresh Air From Toilet Exhaust Air Through
Sensible & Latent Heat Energy Recovery Wheel • Entire Hot Water Generation
Through Solar Panels. • Maximum Daylighting • Regenerative Lifts. • Use Of Lux
Level Sensor To Optimize Operation Of Artificial Lighting. • Solar Powered
External Lighting.
ACTIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES
 ACTIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES
 Lighting Design

1. Energy efficient lighting system ( LPD = 5 W/m2) , nearly 50% more efficient than Energy Conservation Building Code 2007
requirements ( LPD = 11 W/m2)  reduces energy demand further.
2. Remaining lighting load supplied by building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV).
3. Use of energy efficient lighting fixtures (T5 lamps).
4. Use of lux level sensor to optimize operation of artificial lighting.
 Optimized Energy Systems / HVAC system
 Geothermal heat exchange system

1. There are 180 vertical bores to the depth of 80 meter all along the building premises. Minimum 3 meter distance is maintained between any
two bores.
2. Each bore has HDPE pipe U-loop (32mm outer diameter) and grouted with Bentonite Slurry. Each U-Loop is connected to the condenser
water pipe system in the central air conditioning plant room.
3. One U-Loop has 0.9 TR heat rejection capacity. Combined together, 160 TR of heat rejection is obtained without using a cooling tower.
Chilled beam system/ VFD/ Screw Chillers
•160 TR of air conditioning load of the building is met through Chilled beam system. Chilled beam are used from second to sixth floor. This reduces energy use
by 50 % compared to a conventional system.
•HVAC load of the buildings is 40 m2/TR, about 50% more efficient than ECBC requirements (20 m2/TR)
•Chilled water is supplied at 16° C and return temperature is 20° C.
•Drain pans are provided with the chilled beams to drain out water droplets due to condensation during monsoon. Water cooled chillers, double skin air handling
units with variable frequency drivers(VFD)
•Chilled beams save AHU/FCU fan power consumption by approximate 50 kW.
•VFDs provided in chilled water pumping system, cooling tower fans and AHUs.
•Fresh supply air is pre cooled from toilet exhaust air through sensible & latent heat energy recovery wheel.
•Control of HVAC equipment & monitoring of all systems through integrated building management system.
•Functional zoning to reduce air conditioning loads.
•Room temperature is maintained at 26 ±1 ° C
 ACTIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES
Renewable Energy
•Solar PV System of 930 kW capacity
•Total Area: 6,000 m2
•Total Area of panels: 4,650 m2
•No of panels: 2,844
•Annual Energy Generation: 14.3 lakh unit
ACTUAL GENERATION ON SITE ( as on 25.01.2014)
•Power supply to grid started on 19.11.2013
•Power generation achieved: 300 kWh per day
•Total generation: 2.0 kWh
RECYCLE REUSE , RECHARGE

WASTE MANAGEMENT Total : 19

Total : 5
NUS SCHOOL OF DESIGN & ENVIRONMENT 4
, SINGAPORE

• Located on a hillock within the School of Design and Environment

of the National University of Singapore (NUS), the six-storey
SDE4 building is a new addition to the precinct. SDE4 is a living
laboratory to demonstrate and explore human-centric approaches
for integrated sustainable development.

• SDE4 has achieved a zero/ positive energy balance through flexible

design, an appropriate combination of passive measures, optimized
active systems, solar energy generation, and a range of innovative
building strategies. The objective was to improve occupant thermal
comfort and well-being while reducing the carbon footprint of the
building.

• SDE4 gets 100% of its power through a solar farm on its roof which
comprises of over 1,200 solar photovoltaic panels which generate
over 500 MWh of electricity per year.
Location :Singapore
Occupancy Type :Academic
Climate Type :Tropical
Project Area :8,514 m2 EPI : 58 kWh/m2/yr MEP & Architect of record : Surbana Jurong Consultants Pte Ltd
Architect’s : Serie Architects & Multiply Architect Energy Consultants : Transsolar Klima Engineering
PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES
Site Layout & Planning
The challenging terrain around the existing building and abundant mature trees on the site are assimilated with the new building
to bring the surrounding landscape in close proximity with interior spaces.
Climate Responsive Design
The design incorporates the principles of vernacular Southeast Asian tropical architecture.
The building mass is punctuated by an alternation of shaded terraces, landscaped balconies, andnformal spaces that act as thermal
buffers and social spheres that imitate the signature tropical verandas.
The building has an extended roof projection that forms a tropical portico.
Form & Massing
The massing is broken down by using the architectural concept of ‘floating boxes’, where its shallow plan and porous layout
allow for cross-breezes. The optimal North-South openings let in natural light and provide views to the outdoors.
Daylight Design
The building design is optimised to facilitate optimum daylight with the help of open platforms, minimal solid walls and large
window / glazed façade designed with overhangs, internal blinds, and light shelves.
Almost 100% of occupants are within 7.5 metres of the windows, with access to glare-free daylight and view to the outdoor
greenery.
Biophilic design
Ambiguous boundaries between the indoors and outdoors, allows uninterrupted connection of occupants with the natural systems.
The building material palette highlights the raw and natural characteristics with the use of steel, perforated metal and concrete.
 PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES
 Façade & Envelope :
 The south façade is designed with lined columns scaling the entire height of
the structure, supporting the large over-sailing roof that protrudes by 52 feet.
This shades the building from the tropical sun and allows for additional area
on the roof for PV panels.
 The east and the west facades are covered in undulating perforated
corrugated aluminium panels that moderate the amount of light filtering
through, thus acting as shading devices.
 The glass used for facades is high-performance double-glazed unit (DGU)
along with large overhangs and high louvres.
 Ventilation Design
Only 17% of the building is fully air-conditioned, whereas 46% of the
building is naturally ventilated and 26% of the building is hybrid tempered.
 Hybrid tempered ventilation is a combination of air-conditioning and natural
ventilation, wherein the weather permitting rooms are provided with
openable glazing to encourage natural ventilation.
ACTIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES
Hybrid Tempered System with Adaptive Thermal Comfort Design
Hybrid tempered ventilation system controls air temperatures, air speeds, humidity and mean
radiant temperatures, developing adaptive tempered comfort conditions, resulting in almost 50%
lower energy consumption than the conventional fully air-conditioned design.
The system is designed to supply the rooms with 100% pre-cooled air. It works in tandem with
ceiling fans that temper air supply through elevated air speeds, ensuring that the rooms are not
under-cooled, and the outdoor winds are not jarring.
The system thus strategizes to maintain an operative temperature of 29°C. However, it is able to
achieve the standard effective temperature of 27 °C. 
The system design makes sure that the indoor air quality is not compromised while maintaining
the adaptive comfort conditions even when outdoor temperature is high.
Artificial Lighting Design
90% of the lighting requirement is met by LEDs.
Artificial lights have been carefully selected to ensure high color rendering index (CRI) values,
low glare and low flickering.
All lights are controllable through dimmers. 
Smart Features
The windows of hybrid tempered rooms are equipped with sensors that trigger the system to
switch off the air conditioning when the windows are opened.
Daylight utilization is enhanced through a network of photocells and occupancy sensors in
addition to the architectural design.
Demand control ventilation strategies are in place to ensure that indoor carbon dioxide levels do
not exceed 750 ppm. Sensors measure, track and optimize indoor air quality.
RENEWABLE ENERGY
• The building has more than 1,200 solar photovoltaic panels on its roof which generate around 500 MWh/yr of electricity, enough to power the entire
building’s estimated annual energy requirements.
• On days with insufficient insolation, the building draws energy from the power grid.
• Based on the performance data over a year, it is observed that SDE4 is operating at net positive.
THANK YOU
SNEHA HARIDAS , ADITHYA K.S , DEVIKA , IRFAN ,SARATH