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Components of A Microprocessor/controller

This document compares microprocessors and microcontrollers. It states that microprocessors have separate CPU, RAM, ROM and I/O chips, while microcontrollers have these components integrated onto a single chip. Microprocessors are more powerful but also more expensive and consume more power, while microcontrollers are optimized for applications where cost, power and space are critical factors. Popular microcontroller examples include the 8051, PIC and AVR.

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MOHAMMED IRSHAD
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62 views

Components of A Microprocessor/controller

This document compares microprocessors and microcontrollers. It states that microprocessors have separate CPU, RAM, ROM and I/O chips, while microcontrollers have these components integrated onto a single chip. Microprocessors are more powerful but also more expensive and consume more power, while microcontrollers are optimized for applications where cost, power and space are critical factors. Popular microcontroller examples include the 8051, PIC and AVR.

Uploaded by

MOHAMMED IRSHAD
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Components of a

microprocessor/controller
• CPU: Central Processing Unit
• I/O: Input /Output
• Bus: Address bus & Data bus
• Memory: RAM & ROM
• Timer
• Interrupt
• Serial Port
• Parallel Port
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Frederick University
General-purpose
microprocessor:
• CPU for Computers
• Commonly no RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself

Many chips on motherboard


Data Bus
CPU
General-
Serial
Purpose RAM ROM I/O Timer COM
Micro- Port
Port
processor
Address Bus

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Frederick University
Microcontroller :

• A single-chip computer
• On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...
• Example ： Motorola’s 6811, Intel’s 8051, Zilog’s Z8 and PIC 16X

CPU RAM ROM


A single chip
Serial
I/O Timer COM
Port
Port
Microcontroller

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Frederick University
Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller
Microprocessor Microcontroller
• CPU is stand-alone, RAM, • CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and timer
ROM, I/O, timer are separate are all on a single chip
• designer can decide on the • fixed amount of on-chip ROM,
amount of ROM, RAM and RAM, I/O ports
I/O ports. • for applications in which cost,
• expensive
power and space are critical
• versatility
• single-purpose (control-oriented)
• general-purpose
• Low processing power
• High processing power
• High power consumption • Low power consumption
• Instruction sets focus on • Bit-level operations
processing-intensive • Instruction sets focus on control
operations and bit-level operations
• Typically 32/64 – bit • Typically 8/16 bit
• Typically deep pipeline (5-20 • Typically single-cycle/two-stage
stages)
pipeline
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Frederick University
Some Popular Microcontrollers…
• 8051
• Microchip Technology PIC
• Atmel AVR
• Texas Instruments MSP430 (16-bit)

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Frederick University
Review questions
• What are the main differences between a
microprocessor and a microcontroller in
terms of
– Architecture
– Applications
– Instruction set

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Frederick University
Example
• A uP running at 600 MHz has an average
CPI of 1.2 and a average power
consumption of 400 mW, while a uC
running at 12 MHz with a two cycle
datapath has a power consumption of 24
mW.
– Calculate their respective MIPS
– Which one is more efficient in MIPS/mW?

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Frederick University
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Frederick University

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