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Chapter 12 (Equilibrium and Elasticity)

The document covers key topics in equilibrium and elasticity including: 1) Conditions for rigid objects to be in static equilibrium and examples. 2) Elastic properties of solids and definitions of stress, strain, elastic moduli including Young's modulus, shear modulus, and bulk modulus. 3) Relationship between stress and strain and how elastic moduli characterize different types of deformation.

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Joud Alotaibi.
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136 views19 pages

Chapter 12 (Equilibrium and Elasticity)

The document covers key topics in equilibrium and elasticity including: 1) Conditions for rigid objects to be in static equilibrium and examples. 2) Elastic properties of solids and definitions of stress, strain, elastic moduli including Young's modulus, shear modulus, and bulk modulus. 3) Relationship between stress and strain and how elastic moduli characterize different types of deformation.

Uploaded by

Joud Alotaibi.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 12

Equilibrium and Elasticity

12.1 Rigid Object in Equilibrium


Examples of Rigid Objects in
12.3
Static Equilibrium
12.4 Elastic Properties of Solids

12:00:07 PM PHYS 101 1


Conditions for equilibrium

12:00:07 PM PHYS 101 2


An example of unstable equilibrium is shown in the figures.
In fig. a we balance a domino with the domino's center of mass
vertically above the supporting edge. The torque of the

gravitational force Fg about the supporting edge is zero

because the line of action of Fg passes through the edge.

12:00:07 PM PHYS 101 3


States of Equilibrium

12:00:07 PM PHYS 101 4


Examples of Rigid Objects in Static Equilibrium

12:00:08 PM PHYS 101 5


Statics Problem Recipe
1. Draw a force diagram. (Label the axes.)
2. Choose a convenient origin O. A good
choice is to have one of the unknown forces acting at O.
3. Sign of the torque  for each force:

- If the force induces clockwise (CW) rotation +


If the force induces counterclockwise (CCW) rotation
4. Equilibrium conditions:
Fnet , x  0 Fnet, y  0
 net , z  0
5. Make sure that number of unknowns =
number of equations
12:00:08 PM PHYS 101 6
The Center of Gravity (cog)
The gravitational force acting on an extended body is the vector sum of the
gravitational forces acting on the individual elements of the body. The gravitational

force Fg on a body effectively acts at a single point known as the center of gravity
of the body. Here "effectively" has the following meaning: If the individual

gravitational forces on the elements of the body are turned off and replaced by Fg
acting at the center of gravity, then the net force and the net torque about any point

on the body do not change. We shall prove that if the acceleration of gravity g is
the same for all the elements of the body then the center of gravity coincides with
the center of mass. This is a reasonable approximation for objects near the surface

of the Earth because g changes very little.

12:00:08 PM PHYS 101 7


Elastic Properties of Solids

12:00:08 PM PHYS 101 8


STRESS
• Stress is the force that produces strain on a physical body
without undergoing some sort of physical change.
Stress = σ = F/A
• UNIT: N/m2 or Pascal

STRAIN
Strain is the deformation of a physical body
under the action of applied forces

12:00:08 PM PHYS 101 9


Elasticity
The tendency of a body to return to its original shape
after it has been stretched or compressed
Rigidity
The physical property of being stiff and resisting
bending

12:00:08 PM PHYS 101 10


Stress and strain are directly proportional to each other.
The constant of proportionality is called a modulus of
elasticity, so that
Stress = Elastic modulus × Strain

We consider three types of deformation and define an elastic


modulus for each:

1. Young’s modulus
2. Shear modulus
3. Bulk modulus
12:00:08 PM PHYS 101 11
Young’s modulus or Elasticity in Length
It measures the resistance of a solid to a change in its
length.

12:00:08 PM PHYS 101 12


Shear modulus or Elasticity of Shape
It measures the resistance to motion of the planes within a solid
parallel to each other.

12:00:08 PM PHYS 101 13


Bulk modulus or Volume Elasticity
It measures the resistance of solids or liquids to changes in
their volume.

12:00:08 PM PHYS 101 14


12:00:08 PM PHYS 101 15
12:00:08 PM PHYS 101 16
12:00:08 PM PHYS 101 17
12:00:08 PM PHYS 101 18
12:00:08 PM PHYS 101 19

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