Scribd
Upload
30 views

Lecture 03 - Introduction To Steel Structures (Demarits of Steel Construction)

The document discusses properties and design considerations for structural steel. It provides details on: 1) The typical composition ranges for various types of structural steel grades. 2) Key properties of structural steel like the elastic limit, yield point, elastic modulus, residual strain, and fatigue resistance. 3) Common standard sections for hot rolled and cold-formed structural steel shapes. 4) Limit states, serviceability limit states, and special limit states that must be considered in design. 5) Design considerations like providing adequate strength, stiffness, toughness and reserve strength. 6) Common design methods for structural steel like Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (

Uploaded by

Vai re Vai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
30 views

Lecture 03 - Introduction To Steel Structures (Demarits of Steel Construction)

The document discusses properties and design considerations for structural steel. It provides details on: 1) The typical composition ranges for various types of structural steel grades. 2) Key properties of structural steel like the elastic limit, yield point, elastic modulus, residual strain, and fatigue resistance. 3) Common standard sections for hot rolled and cold-formed structural steel shapes. 4) Limit states, serviceability limit states, and special limit states that must be considered in design. 5) Design considerations like providing adequate strength, stiffness, toughness and reserve strength. 6) Common design methods for structural steel like Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (

Uploaded by

Vai re Vai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

Lecture 03

Introduction To Steel Structures


(Demerits of steel
structure_Continue)

CEN 487
2

Demerits of Steel Construction


3

Properties of Structural Steel


Composition
Composition %
Element HPS HPS
Mild Steel A36
50W and 70W 100W
Carbon (C) 0.11 max 0.08 max 0.25-0.29
Manganese (Mn) 1.10-1.35 0.90-1.50 1.20 max
Phosphorus (P) 0.020 max 0.015 max 0.04 max
Sulfur (S) 0.006 max 0.005 max 0.05 max
Silicon (Si) 0.30-0.50 0.40 max 0.15-0.40
Copper (Cu) 0.25-0.40 0.90-1.20 0.20 min (when specified)
Nickel (Ni) 0.25-0.40 0.65-1.00 -
Chromium (Cr) 0.45-0.70 0.40-0.65 -
Vanadium (V) 0.04-0.08 0.05-0.07 -
Molybdenum (Mo) 0.02-0.08 0.40-0.65 -
Aluminum (Al) 0.01-0.04 - -
Nitrogen (N) 0.015 max - -
Properties of Structural Steel

Elastic Limit:
Transition from elastic to inelastic
behavior

Yield Point:
Stress Fy at the elastic limit

Elastic Modulus:
Slope of elastic part of curve
E~29,000 ksi (200,000 Mpa)
Properties of Structural Steel

Yield Point:
Stress Fy at the elastic limit

Ult. Tens. Str:


Fu is the maximum stress developed in
the inelastic zone
Properties of Structural Steel

Residual Strain:
Permanent deformation after
unloading
Properties of Structural Steel
If Yield Point not Clearly Defined
0.2% Method

Draw line parallel to elastic part

0.2% Strain
Properties of Structural Steel

Elasticity: Ability of metal to return to its original shape after


loading and subsequent unloading

Fatigue: Cycling loading and unloading stresses material above


its endurance limit and leads to failure

Ductility: Deformation without fracture beyond the elastic limit


(ineleastic behavior)
High Ductility

Toughness: Combination of strength and ductility


High toughness
Properties of Structural Steel
Maintenance: Susceptible to Corrosion when exposed to air
and water
Use paints, or weathering steels

Fireproofing: Strength reduces with increased


temperature - Fireproofing required
Sections of Structural Steel
Typical Hot Rolled Steel Shapes

See AISC Manual PART 1 Section Properties and other


shapes
Sections of Structural Steel
Typical Cold-Formed Light Gage Steel Shapes

LRFD Manual for other sections


Standard Framing System
• http://zakirsteelzone.com/allFiles/index/produ
ct/standard-framing-system.html
Design Philosophies
Limit States

There are Three Broad Limit States-


•Strength Limit States
•Serviceability Limit States
•Special Limit States
Strength Limit States

• Flexure
• Torsion
• Shear
• Fatigue
• Settlement
• Bearing
Serviceability Limit States

• Cracking
• Excessive deflection
• Buckling
• Stability
Special Limit States

• Damage or Collapse in extreme earthquake


• Structural effects of fire , explosions or vehicular
collisions
Design Considerations
• Structure and structural members should have
adequate strength, stiffness and toughness to
ensure proper functioning during service life
• Reserve strength should be available to
▫ Occasional overloads and underestimations of
loads
▫ Variability of strength of materials from those
specified
▫ Variation of strength arising from quality of
workmanship and construction parties
Design Considerations
• Structural design must provide adequate margin
of safety irrespective of design method
• Design approach should take into account the
probability of occurrence of failure in the design
process
• An important goal in design is to prevent limit
state from being reached
Design Methods
• Allowable Stress Design (ASD)
▫ Since the specifications set limit on the stresses, it
becomes allowable stress design
▫ It is mostly reasonable where stresses are
uniformly distributed over X-section (such on
determinate trusses, arches, cables etc.)
Design Methods
• Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)
▫ LRFD is based on strength of materials
▫ It consider the variability not only in resistance \
but also in the effects of load
▫ It provides measure of safety related to probability
of failure
Comparison of ASD and LRFD

You might also like