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6 Functions

The document discusses functions in programming and their uses and definitions. Functions allow breaking problems into smaller pieces and code reuse. Functions can take in arguments, return values, and be called. Function prototypes specify functions without defining them. Return values end function execution and return control to the calling code.

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Anum Abdul Salam
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21 views

6 Functions

The document discusses functions in programming and their uses and definitions. Functions allow breaking problems into smaller pieces and code reuse. Functions can take in arguments, return values, and be called. Function prototypes specify functions without defining them. Return values end function execution and return control to the calling code.

Uploaded by

Anum Abdul Salam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Functions

Focus on Software Engineering:


Modular Programming

• A program may be broken up into manageable functions


A function is a collection of statements that performs a specific task.
So far you have experienced functions in two ways:
1. you have created a function named main in every program you’ve written,
and
2. you have used library functions such as pow, setw, system
Divide and Conquer

• Functions are commonly used to break a problem down into small


manageable pieces.
• Instead of writing one long function that contains all of the
statements necessary to solve a problem, several small functions that
each solve a specific part of the problem can be written
If we use
functions
How
would be
the main
modified?
Reusability
• Another reason to write functions is that they simplify programs. If a
specific task is performed in several places in a program, a function
can be written once to perform that task, and then be executed
anytime it is needed.
• This benefit of using functions is known as code reuse because you
are writing the code to perform a task once and then reusing it each
time you need to perform the task.
Defining and Calling Functions

• A function call is a statement that causes a function to execute.


• A function definition contains the statements that make up the
function.
void Functions
It isn’t necessary for all functions to return a value, however. Some
functions simply perform one or more statements, which follows
terminate. These are called void functions.

The displayMessage function, which follows, is an example.


void displayMessage()
{
cout << "Hello from the function displayMessage.\n";
}
Calling a Function

• A function is executed when it is called. Function main is called


automatically when a program starts, but all other functions must be
executed by function call statements.
• When a function is called, the program branches to that function and
executes the statements in its body
Function Prototypes

• A function prototype eliminates the need to place a function


definition before all calls to the function.
Sending Data into a Function

• When a function is called, the program may send values into the
function.
Values that are sent into a function are called arguments.
result = pow(2.0, 4.0);
void displayValue(int num)
{
cout << "The value is " << num << endl;
}
The return Statement

• The return statement causes a function to end immediately.


• When the last statement in a void function has finished executing, the
function terminates and the program returns to the statement
following the function call. It’s possible, however, to force a function
to return before the last statement has been executed.
• When the return statement is encountered, the function immediately
terminates and control of the program returns to the statement that
called the function.
Returning a Value from a Function

• A function may send a value back to the part of the program that
called the function.
Defining a Value-Returning Function

int sum(int num1, int num2)


{
int result;
result = num1 + num2;
return result;
}
Calling a Value-Returning Function
Using Functions
Returning a Boolean Value

bool isValid(int number)


{
bool status;
if (number >= 1 && number <= 100)
status = true;
else
status = false;
return status;
}
Overloading Functions
int sum(int num1, int num2)
int sum(int num1, int num2, int num3)
int sum(int num1, int num2, int num3, int num4)

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