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Implicit Differentiation: Taking The Derivative in Terms of Variable and Function

Implicit differentiation allows one to take the derivative of functions defined implicitly, without explicitly solving for y in terms of x. This is done by differentiating both sides of the equation with respect to x and then solving for dy/dx. Higher order derivatives can then be found by taking additional derivatives and substituting previous derivatives back into the equation.

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Bretana joan
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18 views

Implicit Differentiation: Taking The Derivative in Terms of Variable and Function

Implicit differentiation allows one to take the derivative of functions defined implicitly, without explicitly solving for y in terms of x. This is done by differentiating both sides of the equation with respect to x and then solving for dy/dx. Higher order derivatives can then be found by taking additional derivatives and substituting previous derivatives back into the equation.

Uploaded by

Bretana joan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Implicit Differentiation

Taking the derivative in terms of variable


and function
This is not a function,
but it would still be
x2  y 2  1 nice to be able to find
the slope.

d 2 d 2 d
x  y  1 Do the same thing to both sides.
dx dx dx
Note use of chain rule.
dy
2x  2 y 0 dy 2 x
dx 
dx 2 y
dy
2y  2 x dy x
dx 
dx y

2 y  x 2  sin y This can’t be solved for y.

d d 2 d
2y  x  sin y dy 2x
dx dx dx 
dx 2  cos y

dy dy
2  2 x  cos y
dx dx
This technique is called
dy dy implicit differentiation.
2  cos y  2x
dx dx
1 Differentiate both sides x.
dy dy
 2  cos y   2 x 2 Solve for .
dx dx 
Find dy/dx if: y 3  4 y 2  x 5  3x 4

dy2 dy
3y 8y  5 x 4  12 x 3
dx dx

dy
dx
 
3 y 2  8 y  5 x 4  12 x 3

dy 5 x 4  12 x 3

dx 
3y2  8y 
Find dy/dx if: sin y 2  cos x 2  cos y 2  sin x 2 Chain
Rule

 dy   dy 
cos y 2  2 y   sin x 2 (2 x)   sin y 2  2 y   cos x 2 (2 x)
 dx   dx 
dy 2 2 dy
2 y cos y  2 y sin y  2 x cos x 2  2 x sin x 2
dx dx
dy
dx
 
2 y cos y 2  2 y sin y 2  2 x cos x 2  2 x sin x 2
dy 2 x cos x 2  2 x sin x 2


dx 2 y cos y 2  2 y sin y 2 

dy x cos x 2  sin x 2



dx y cos y 2  sin y 2 
Find dy/dx if: 3x 2  5 xy 2  4 y 3  8
Product
Rule!
2 dy 2 dy
6 x  5 y  10 xy  12 y 0
dx dx
dy
dx
 
10 xy  12 y 2  6 x  5 y 2

dy  6x  5 y2


dx 10 xy  12 y 2 
Find the equations of the lines tangent and normal to the
curve x 2  xy  y 2  7 at (1, 2) .

We need the slope. Since we can’t solve for y, we use


dy
implicit differentiation to solve for .
dx
x 2  xy  y 2  7 Note product rule. dy y  2x

 dy  dy dx 2 y  x
2x   x  y  2 y 0
 dx  dx
dy dy 2  2  1 2  2 4
2x  x  y  2 y 0 m  
dx dx 2  2   1 4  1 5
dy
2 y  x   y  2x
dx 
Find the equations of the lines tangent and normal to the
curve x 2  xy  y 2  7 at (1, 2) . Normal line is
perpendicular
to tangent
4
m tangent: normal:
5
4 5
y  2   x  1 y  2    x  1
5 4

4 4 5 5
y2 x y2  x
5 5 4 4

4 14 5 3
y  x y  x
5 5 4 4

Find derivative at (1, 1) Product Rule is
easier than quotient
2 3 rule, so let’s cross
y x multiply!
3 2
x
y x
2 3 3 3 dy y3  6x2
y  x  xy  x 

dx 2 y  3 xy 2 
dy 2 2 dy
2 y  3 x  3 xy  y 3  3x 2 dy (1) 3  6(1) 2
dx dx 
dy

dx 2(1)  3(1)(1) 2 
dx
 
2 y  3 xy 2  y 3  6 x 2
dy  5
 5
dx  1
Higher Order Derivatives

d2y 3 2
Find 2 if 2 x  3 y 7 .
dx
y  2 x  x 2
y
3 2
2x  3y  7 y 
y2

6 x  6 y y  0
2 2x x 2
y   2 y
y y Substitute y
6 y y  6 x 2
2x x 2 x 2 back into the
6 x 2 y   2 equation.
y  y y y
6 y
x 2 2x x 4
y  y   3
y y y

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