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Power System Fundamentals: S D Varwandkar Former Professor & Principal, VJTI

The document discusses power system fundamentals, including: 1. The structure of power networks which connect generators to loads over transmission, subtransmission, and distribution networks, sometimes across long distances and interconnecting regional grids. 2. Key aspects like frequency, voltages used in generation, transmission, distribution, and advanced technologies like HVDC. 3. Important considerations in planning, operating, and designing power systems including protection, power quality, reliability, and condition monitoring of networks and equipment.

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varwandkar8772
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
87 views

Power System Fundamentals: S D Varwandkar Former Professor & Principal, VJTI

The document discusses power system fundamentals, including: 1. The structure of power networks which connect generators to loads over transmission, subtransmission, and distribution networks, sometimes across long distances and interconnecting regional grids. 2. Key aspects like frequency, voltages used in generation, transmission, distribution, and advanced technologies like HVDC. 3. Important considerations in planning, operating, and designing power systems including protection, power quality, reliability, and condition monitoring of networks and equipment.

Uploaded by

varwandkar8772
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

Power System

Fundamentals

S D Varwandkar
Former Professor & Principal, VJTI

1
 Power System Structure &
Representation

 Transformers, Circuit Breakers

 Concerns

 Studies Required

 Design Challenges
2
3
Generation
0.4/44, 6.6, 0.5, 11, 13.8, 15.75, 21, 33 kV

EHV Transmission
220, 400, 500
750, 765, 800, 1200 kV

HV Transmission
33, 66, 110, 132 kV

HV Primary Distribution
3.3, 6.6, 11, 22,
33, 66, 132, 220 kV

Secondary Distribution
415/240, 433/ 250 V

4
5
Power Network

6
Long Distance AC Power Transfer

Region 1

Region 2
7
Bottlenecks in AC Systems

 Surge Impedance Control

 HVDC

8
World’s Largest UHVDC

6400 MW

2000 kms

+/- 800 kV

9
10
SUMMARY TILL NOW….

11
Power Network

A power network connects generators to


loads, at times over long distances via
transmission, subtransmission and
distribution networks.

It also interconnects regional networks.

12
Structure

 Transmission & Subtransmission –


EHV & HVDC

 Distribution

13
Frequency and Voltages
 50/ 60 Hz
 Generation: 0.4/44, 6.6, 0.5, 11, 13.8, 15.75,
21, 33 kV
 EHV Transmission: 220, 400, 500, 750, 765,
800, 1200 kV
 HV Transmission: 33, 66, 110, 132 kV
 HV Primary Distribution: 3.3, 6.6, 11, 22,
33, 66, 132, 220 kV
 Secondary Distribution: 415/240, 433/ 250
V
14
Advanced Technologies

 EHV AC

 HVDC

15
Power Apparatus
 Transformers

 Reactors – Shunt/ Current Limiting

 Circuit Breakers

 Static VAR Controllers

 HV Bushing

16
Normal Operation
 Voltage control

 Frequency control

 Voltage control

 Voltage stability

 Power trading

17
Phenomena
 Short circuit faults

 Transients – Switching & Lightning

 Unbalance operation

 Angle stability and voltage collapse

18
Concerns
 Protection – Network and Equipment

 Power Quality

 Reliability

 Condition monitoring & assessment

19
Power System Studies
 Generation and Network Planning

 Normal and emergency operating


conditions
Voltage control/ SVC/ stability/ voltage
swells and sags

 Abnormal & Extreme events


Short circuits/ Switching transients/
Overvoltage transients/ Unbalanced
operation/ Stability/
20
Equipment Related studies
 Insulation technology

 High voltage phenomena, partial


discharge

 Testing & Instrumentation for HV

21
Grounding
 System/ Substation/ Network
grounding

 Equipment grounding

 Effect on transients and fault currents

22
Transformers Design Features
 Impact of system conditions – normal/
emergency operation, abnormal conditions
such as short circuits, transients, unbalance
operations, sequence networks and
impedances, core forms and parameter/
performance evaluation through advanced
analytical techniques – FEM/ BEM/

 Designing for performance, robustness and


reliability
23
SVC

24
Design challenges in EHV
Transformers/ Reactors

EHV & UHV AC Designs

Materials
Partial Discharges &
Insulation

Transients & EMC


25
Advanced Manufacturing
Technologies & Automation
 Materials & Manufacturing

 Substation Automation

 Time Synchronization - PMUs

 Standards

26
Back to Fundas
 Knowledge about

 ‘Short circuit’ currents impact design.


How?

 ‘Overvoltages’ affects design. How?

 How does ‘system study’ influence


design?

27

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