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Flame Camera and Load Cell

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70 views31 pages

Flame Camera and Load Cell

Uploaded by

VPORWAL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Boiler special instruments

IGNITOR
• Ignitors are high energy arc ignitors
• These are self contained electrical devices which produces high
intensity spark to ignite fuel
• By discharging a high-voltage capacitor at the ignition lance’s tip a
spark is created. The spark discharge is triggered by a non-wearing
switch (thyristor). Every spark produces energy of 5.6 J at a maximum
ignition frequency of 20 sparks per second
FLAME SCANNER
•PRINCIPLE PURPOSE OF FLAME SAFEGUARD SUPERVISIORY SYSTEM IS TO ENSURE THAT IT IS
SAFE TO LIGHT THE BOILER AND CONTINUE BOILER OPERATION.

•IT IS ALSO USED FOR BOILER SHUTDOWN.

•ACCURATE DETECTION OF A FIRE IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT TASKS OF FSSS.

•UV, IR AND VISIBLE LIGHT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF FLAME SCANNERS.

UV Type : 10 nm to 400 nm
Visible light Type : 380 nm to 740 nm
IR Type: 700 nm to 1 mm
“BHELSCAN” uses visible spectrum for flame sensing.
•AN IDEAL FLAME SCANNER DETECTS A FLAME OF
INTEREST WHILE TOTALLY IGNORING OTHERS AND IS
UNAFFECTED BY CHANGES IN AMBIENT CONDITIONS.

•A FLAME SCANNER IS A SENSOR THAT DETECTS


PRESENCE OF FIRE IN THE BOILER BY ABSORBING THE
LIGHT ENERGY EMMITTED BY THE FIRE.
The microcontroller based flame sensing system is designed
primarily for use on coal fireball and stable oil flame.

It senses the visible light given off by the flame and can recognize a
coal/oil flame by its characteristic fluctuations.
sible spectrum for
Gravimetric feeders
Configuration of Gravimetric coal feeder
Accoustic Pyrometer
• Measure temperature of furnace upto 1400 deg c
• Use sound waves
• Measure speed of sound depends upon gas temperature
Boiler Load cell
• Load cell are provided for checking ash accumulation on boiler wall
• One load cell is installed in each wall of boiler
BOILER LOAD CELL
Opacity Monitor
• When light passes through a gas containing smoke and dust, some of the
light is lost through scattering, absorption and reflection by the particles.
The amount of light lost depends on the number and the size of the
particles, so that loss can be used as a measure of the PM concentration in
the stack.
• Opacity is a measure of light attenuation – the fraction of light lost in
crossing the stack. An opacity monitor measures this value and reports it
directly.
• A PM monitor measures optical characteristics of the stack gas and uses the
value to calculate the PM concentration in mg/m3.
• The calculation uses a calibration factor, unique to that specific installation.
Opacity Monitor
Opacity Monitor
• High energy solid state LED is used
• It is important to note that purge air must be used in opacity monitoring
to protect sensitive instruments from hot, corrosive stack gases, by
keeping the optics clean and preventing corrosion and contamination of
the mounting tubes
CEMS

CEMS
CEMS-SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Suction Pump
A suction pump is used to grab the sample from the chimney and sends it to the Sox Nox analyzer unit. It is provided with a 230 VAC
power supply.
Electric Heater
In order to prevent the sample from moisture content, electric heat tracing is given on the upper side of the sample line.
SMPS
SMPS stands for Switch Mode Power Supply.
It is used to convert 230 V C to 24 VDC for PLC power source.
Moisture Detector
It is used to detect the moisture present in the sample line. If moisture detects the suction pump will be turned off.
An indicator is used to adjust the sensitivity of the moisture detector.
Two wire moisture transmitter can also be used instead of a detector.
Rotameter
Rotameter is used to control the flow of samples entering into the analyzer unit.
Sample Cooler
Sample cooler is used to cool down the sample temperature at required value.
CEMS-SYSTEM COMPONENTS
PLC
Digital inputs and outputs can be used to control analyzer functions and external components.
PLC is used to monitor heater temperature relay, moisture detector, and suction pump on/off.
No2 Converter
In the chimney, the sample contains “No content” which is difficult to measure so it is converted to No2.
Front Panel
It consists of an LCD display and a membrane keyboard. It is used to view the current data of sox and Nox values and able to edit
calibration reference
gas data. We need to enter the span gas concentration in to the analyzer for calibration purpose.
Calibration Gas Cylinder
Zero and span gas cylinders installed and connected to the analyzer.
Span gas reference will vary for sox and NOx analyzers.
A total of 3 solenoid valves are used to control the flow of zero and span gases. These will be energized when the command is given
from the
local panel or through remote if provided.
•Zero Gas
•Sox Span Gas
•Nox Span Gas
The Value of the Span Gas Cylinder should be around/more-than 80% of the measuring Range of the Analyzer.
The pressure regulator is installed on the zero and span gas cylinders to control the flow of calibration gas.
Analyzer Working Principle

• The IR or UV sources will be used in the analyzer. It passes the IR or UV


rays through a sample cell.
• A Pyroelectric detector is used to measure the concentration of these IR
or UV rays and the output of the detector is equivalent to the measured
Sox or Nox.
• Other than non-dispersive UV or IR, So2 can also be measured by UV
fluorescence, Enhanced Laser, Fourier Transform Infra-red, gas
chromatography, mass spectrometry.
Oxygen analyser
Oxygen analyser
• The Zirconium oxide sensor usually is furnished in a convenient probe
format for direct-in-line insertion. The sensor is based on the
zirconium oxide is the conductor of oxygen ion. The Zirconium
exhibits very high resistance at room temperature.
• Heating the element allows different partial oxygen concentration of
gases to come into contact with opposite of the zirconia, creating an
oxygen concentration cell. An electromotive force is produced
because ions travel through the zirconia element to the other
element.
Oxygen analyser
• At high temperature the zirconia becomes conductive.The zirconia is
heated and the gas with known concentration is filled inside the
meter which is the reference gas. At an optimum temperature, a
voltage is produced across the zirconium cell, which is proportional to
the concentration of oxygen in the process air or which is dependent
only on the ratio of the concentration of the oxygen.
• Using air as the reference gas, the current produced will be the
measure of the concentration of oxygen in the process gas only.
Oxygen analyser
CO ANALYSER
• Flue gas concentration of CO is a reliable and accurate indication of burner flame
stoichiometry and the completeness of combustion. It is the most sensitive
indicator of unburned combustibles loss. Used as a primary combustion efficiency
parameter, in conjunction with oxygen analysis, a CO measurement offers
additional advantages in controlling combustion at optimum levels of excess air to a
combustion control scheme using an oxygen measurement only
• The CO analyser utilizes infrared absorption spectroscopy to continuously measure
CO concentration in combustion flue gases. The infrared source is mounted directly
on the flue gas duct or stack on the side opposite from the receiver. Infrared energy
is radiated by the source, through the flue gas, to the receiver. The receiver
employs gas filter correlation and narrow band pass optical filtration with a solid
state detector to determine the absorption of radiation by CO in the flue gas.
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