CHAPTER 5

POWER PLANT WITH RENEWABLE

ENERGY
GROUP 1
 MODULAR GENERATION EXPANSION
SYSTEM ENHANCE DIESEL POWER PLANT
PERFORMANCE
(BAUANG DIESEL POWER PLANT)
 MEMBERS

Daniele Abonis  Joshua Abrogar Nathaniel Felix John

Baguio Cababan
INTRODUCTION
For the generation of electrical energy, a diesel
power station (also known as a standby power
station) employs a diesel engine as a prime
mover.

To create electricity, a diesel generator (DG)

(also known as a diesel generator set) consists of
a diesel engine and an electric generator
(typically an alternator). This is a specific case of
a generator engine. However, certain models can
run on liquid fuels or natural gas as well.
 INTRODUCTION
Diesel generators must be properly sized
to avoid low-load or a lack of power Their operating procedure mainly
during a power outage. As a result of involves fuel sources such as Diesel
today's electronics' nonlinear demands, Oil. Engines use diesel fuel to
sizing is a difficult task. With a power generate mechanical energy, which is
range of roughly 50 MW and higher, an
then converted into electrical energy
open cycle gas turbine is more efficient at
full load than a diesel engine array, by converting the fuel into a working
however, diesel engine arrays are often fluid. Electricity is converted from
favored for frequent part-loading due to mechanical energy by the alternator.
their superior efficiencies.
 CHAPTER 1
DESIGN PROJECT BACKGROUND 

Design and
Statement of the Scope and
Objectives Conceptual
Design Problem Limitation
Framework
Statement of the Design Problem
The problems of this study are
unknown mother-nature disasters,
typhoons, human error, high operating
costs, unwanted emissions, and
frequent power shortages for the
affected areas.
 OBJECTIVES
General Objectives
Specific Objectives Specific Objectives
To improve the infrastructure
of the Bauang Diesel Power To design and To analyze the cost-
plant, to lessen the operating
costs of the said Power Plant,
recommend an effectiveness of
to improve the transmitting expansion project to expansion and locate
capabilities of the plant, and increase energy output areas within the plant
to identify potential hazards and efficiency of the to expand into.
and be aware of them.
plant
 SCOPE &
LIMITATION
This study will focus on designing an expansion project geared towards the
Bauang Diesel Power Plant and suggesting the location to set up the properties.

In this study, there are some limitations to be considered such as it is based only
on the Bauang Diesel Power Plant. The same goes for the existing design layout
of the said Bauang Diesel Power Plant as the details regarding its components
and schematics are largely obscure and unavailable to simple research. As such
The scope and limitation of this study will only be in designing an expansion
project for the plant with easy setup and installation in mind to increase energy
output efficiency. Anything that goes beyond is not included in the study.
 Design & Conceptual Framework

Schematic Suitable Design

Analysis of that will
Diagram of
System Design Enhance the
Diesel
of Diesel Efficiency of
Powerplant’s
Powerplant Bauang
Built and
Design Powerplant

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 CHAPTER 2
RELATED THEORETICAL DESIGN OUTPUTS

Thermal
How does a Components
A Diesel Efficiency of a
Diesel Power of a Diesel
Power Plant Diesel Power
Work? Power Plant
Plant

Pros and Cons

of Diesel Bauang Diesel Improving Diesel Plant
Power Plants Power Plant the Plant Expansion
 A Diesel Power Plant

These plants are also standby sets for continuity of supply to

important points such as hospitals, radio stations, cinema houses, and
telephone exchanges.

Build of a Diesel Power Plant Layout of a Diesel Power Plant

Diesel power plants' combustion engines are divided into A diesel power plant's layout can be seen in the figure.
two categories based on the kind of fuel used: gasoline or The compressor draws air from the atmosphere and
diesel. As shown in the figure, a simple diesel power compresses it. Diesel engines receive compressed air by
plant. On a general level, diesel engines are divided into way of an air filter. Using the air filter, dust and dirt are
four-stroke engines and a two-stroke engine category. removed from the air before it is delivered to the diesel
Diesel power plants are typically powered by two-stroke engine.
engines.
 HOW DOES A DIESAL POWER PLANT
WORK?
Fuel Supply Lubricating
System Air intake and System Starting Cooling System
Exhaust System System As a result of this
Keeping moving
This system parts lubricated is system, water
consists of a fuel This consists of a
Compressed air, circulation around
essential to a battery, a self-
tank for storing compressor, an air diesel engines is kept
reducing friction
fuel, fuel filters, filter, and exhaust and wear. The
starter, or an at a reasonable
electric motor temperature. This is
and pumps for pipes. Incoming lubrication system done by cooling the
transferring and air is filtered with includes oil tanks, can all be used jacket's hot water in
injecting the fuel, filters to remove pumps, and filters to start the ponds and then re-
among other dust, dirt, etc. as well as engine. circulating it again.
components. lubrication oil.
 COMPONENTS OF
DIESEL POWER PLANT
ENGINE AIR FILTER EXHAUST SYSTEM FUEL SYSTEM

As the plant's main Silencers and connected Fuel Storage Tank,

component, it is
Filtering out dust ducts make up these
from the air that the Fuel Filter or
responsible for systems. A diesel
Strainer, Fuel
generating the engine breathes is engine's exhaust system
serves three purposes. Transfer Pump, Day
required amount of what the air filter
The exhaust system, for Tank, Heaters, and
power. The diesel does. The air filters starters, transports the
engine is
Connecting Pipes
are utilized to wasted combustion
mechanically are all part of it. The
provide fresh air to gases away from the
fuel oil is delivered
connected to the the diesel engine so engine, where they are
generator to produce diluted by the by rail or road to the
that it can burn. facility
electrical energy. environment.
 COMPONENTS OF
DIESEL POWER PLANT
COOLING SYSTEM LUBRICATING SYSTEM STARTING GOVERNING SYSTEM
SYSTEM
Coolant pumps, water Oil pumps, oil tanks, This is the
Compressed air tanks
cooling towers or filters, coolers, and
are included in this. governor, whose
spray ponds, water connecting pipes are
Using compressed job it is to keep
treatment or filtration all part of the oil
air, this system the engine
plants, and connecting pump system. To
allows you to start
pipe works make up reduce friction
your car from a cold
running at a
the diesel engine between moving constant speed
cooling system. Pumps start. Initial rotation
parts and wear on
that circulate and filter of the engine shaft is regardless of the
engine components,
water are included in the lubricating
necessary to start a load placed on the
this category. diesel engine. plant.
system is used.
 Thermal Efficiency of a
Diesel Power Plant
It is possible to calculate the input and output
energies as well as the efficiency by using
temperatures and specific heats. The compression
ratio rC = V1/V2 and the expansion ratio rE =
V1/V3 are convenient ways to express this
efficiency. Specific heats and temperatures can
be used to express efficiency.
 Pros and Cons of Diesel Power Plants

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• The design and installation process is very easy. • Operating costs are high.
• It doesn't have a problem adapting to changing • It's expensive to maintain and lubricate.
loads • The capacity of the diesel units is limited, as well.
• In addition, there is a decrease in the number of • Noise pollution is a serious issue.
standby losses • It can't keep up with the demand.
• They take up less space. • Overload is not possible.
• Fast start-up time; can be loaded quickly. • Unwanted emissions are released.
• Ash handling is not a problem.
• Requires less water to cool.
 BAUANG DIESEL POWER PLANT
In the past, to combat the country's crippling power shortage, The Lopez Group created First Private Power Corporation. The
plant's construction marked the Lopez Group's return to the power generation business.

TECH SPECS OPERATION &

LOCATION MAINTENANCE
RECORD
Approximately 260 Sulzer 16ZA40S diesel engines
kilometers north of powered by poor-quality heavy
fuel oil make up the power API separators are used to
Manila, the property is in station's 21 units of power. As separate water from
Bauang, La Union, 5 many as seven diesel lubricating and fuel oil
kilometers from the generators are in each of three sludge. A 250 m3 and 2,300
Bauang town proper, and power buildings, referred to as m3 tank is used to store the
10 kilometers south of "sectors." At 514 revolutions sludge and other waste. A
per minute, each set has 16 cavitation air flotation unit
San Fernando, La cylinders arranged in a V-shape is used to further treat the
Union's capital city. and can deliver 11.52 MW at separated water before
the flywheel. discharging it.
IMPROVING THE
PLANT

Installation of Modular Diesel Power

Plant for Expansion
 DIESEL PLANT
EXTENTION
The purpose for going modular generation is the convenience it provides. Several
plants and studies can attest to the simple installation methods brought about by
the modular generation system. What's most crucial for this choice is that the setup
is highly capable of further scaling and expansion. Remote communities, certain
commercial buildings, and industrial areas have all been powered using diesel
power systems. Although this technology has a low initial cost, it must be serviced
regularly. Moreover, transporting diesel fuel to remote sites might be expensive.
Diesel plants can also contribute to greenhouse gas and other pollution emissions.
The present diesel station can be expanded to overcome these limits.
 CHAPTER
DESIGN 3OUTPUTS
Current Location
Modular Modular Design Opportunities for Proposed
& Land
Power Generations Improvement Implementation Generator Model
Ownership
Plants Proposal
 Modular Power Plants
Modular Power plants can support up to 40 MW. They can
be easily transported in completely assembled configuration
to be ready to start immediately on the job site, without any
specific transport limitation. The complete and independent
power modules have a power range between 1 and 2 MW
and are installed in a 40 feet standard container. Easily
installed on-site, a Modular Power Plant can work in
synchronized configuration.
 MODULAR
GENERATIONS
There are two types of modularization.
The construction of fully functional,
A modularized design cannot remove
customization. There will always be site-
standard plants that can be plugged in specific challenges that demand changes
where needed to meet a specific energy to meet site-specific and client-specific
demand is known as whole plant needs. Wind speed, local precipitation,
modularization. Component earthquake conditions, and a variety of
modularization refers to the use of pre- other local rules and limits are among
designed plant components, such as pre- them (noise, building codes, soils, etc.).
assembled, factory-instrumented pipe Total plant modularization aims to reduce
racks, to speed up project execution and the amount of time and effort spent on the
lower design and construction costs. customization aspect of plant design. 
DESIGN IMPROVEMENT
PROPOSAL
Particular are Section for Bauang Diesel Powerplant’s
Expansion

Proposed Layout for Multiple Diesel Power Generating

Sets

Increased Power Output of the Overall Bauang Diesel

Powerplant
 BAUANG DPP Current
Location & Land Ownership
Bauang Diesel Power Plant Land is located in Payocpoc Sur,
Bauang, La Union. The Property has about 257,995 square meters
of land, which includes the ground beneath the 215 MW Baung
Diesel Power Plant (BDPP). The  National Power Corporation
(NPC)/PSALM owns the property, while the Provincial Government
of La Union (PGLU) owns the BDPP, which is being run and
maintained by 1590 Energy Corporation. The land, which is an
inside lot, is irregular in shape, has a flat terrain, has been graded
and developed, and is at the same elevation as the fronting road.
Concrete drainage, concrete paved roads, fences, curbs, and gutters
are among the site modifications.
 Opportunities for Implementation

ADVANTAGES
 Simple design layout of the plant 
 Easy to install
 Flexible operation 
 Easy to maintain 
 Occupies less space 
 Less water requirement for cooling 
  Much cleaner, environmentally friendly
PROPOSED GENERATOR MODEL
(Wärtsilä 220SG Gas genset)
 CHAPTER 4
DESIGN COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Pairwise Codes &

Constraints Trade Offs
Comparison Standard
 Multiple Constraints in Final Design
ECONOMIC MANUFACTURABILI SUSTAINABILITY
TY

Manufacturability refers to a
The budget restriction and Sustainability necessitates an
system's ability to be
interdisciplinary approach in
money allocation were the manufactured with as
all elements of engineering
main sources of economic minimal resources as feasible,
and should not be confined to
constraints. The financial whether it's parts, labor, or
environmental engineering
constraint is critical since maintenance.
alone. To improve everyone's
the changed design of the Manufacturability is an
quality of life, all engineering
diesel powerplant would engineering method that
areas should incorporate
not be viable without considers not only how a
sustainability into their
funding allocation for the product will look and operate,
practices.
but also how it will be
project.
manufactured.
 Multiple Constraints in Final Design
ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIETAL HEALTH & SAFETY
Most of the heavy organic
Bauang is generally an compounds, such as PAHs, are
It aims to analyze the importance agricultural municipality found in the particulate phase of
of environmental constraints, wherein a significant portion of diesel emissions. In combination
especially to those living within the population derives their with their low concentrations,
the vicinity of the plant since the income principally from this association makes it difficult
diesel engine is the most efficient
farming. 60% of the total land to differentiate between the
prime mover commonly available
area serves as agricultural health effects of the solid DPM
today. Diesel engines move a
production areas. However, fraction and the organic species
large portion of the world's
lowland agrarian areas have Diesel particulates are frequently
goods, power much of its
been dwindling due to used in these studies as an
equipment, and generate
conversion. There is a very indicator of diesel exhaust
electricity more economically
significant share of business exposure. Still, no effort is made
than any other device in their size
activities like trading and to analyze which components of
range.
services. the exhaust gases are
responsible for health effects.
 PAIRWISE
Sustainability vs
COMPARISON
Sustainability vs Sustainability vs Environmental vs
Health and Safety Societal Health and Safety
Environmental Societal Economical vs
vs Societal
In every plant, Health & Safety Environmental
The Bauang power Sustainability is critical,
sustainability is critical constraints should be
plant must operate
for the plant and the
particularly in terms of The Health and
smoothly to sustain the the life duration of each Economical is given more priority safety of every
community whose lives than societal
demands and needs of
depend on electricity.
component by the essential, but for worker in the plant is
the community, which upgraded diesel constraints because
Still, you can't sustain every operation of important, but we
is very dependent on powerplant in terms of this would help
the community's needs
its efficiency, which the power plant, must also consider
electricity. But the improve the
if your worker's health the health and well
BDPP must not neglect will meet people's the Health and community's
and safety are at risk. being of the people
the environmental energy consumption safety of the ecological conditions.
The Health and safety that live within the
constraints because this needs. On the other They are making sure
would significantly
of the workers should
side, the efficiency of
workers in it vicinity of the
always be at first that the people have a
affect the ecosystem of the diesel powerplant should be the top healthy living Bauang diesel power
because, without them,
the community that the
the plant won't run
must not endanger priority. environment should be plant.
plant was serving. people's health. the importance.
smoothly.
 PAIRWISE
Economic vs Economic vs
COMPARISON Manufacturability
Manufacturability vs Manufacturability
Manufacturability Sustainability Manufacturability vs Environmental
Health & Safety vs Societal
vs Sustainability
Due to the increased The government's budget Environmental
demand for energy, the allocation allows for Bauang Diesel In a Diesel Power The community's
constraints priorities
quality of product installing a modular Powerplant's expansion Plant, Health and well-being takes
manufacturability
selection, including its diesel powerplant as an aims to improve its Safety is the priority precedence above
components, must be addition to the Bauang efficiency, which is while building a
because you can't take manufacturability,
prioritized. Budget Diesel Powerplant. feasible thanks to high- diesel powerplant
any chances with the which is why, before
allocation will be a However, when quality components. since high levels of workers' lives,
challenge because the Because the features and
installing a particular
comparing the two, air and noise
products are from sustainability is more specifications were especially during powerplant, the
pollution will have a operating hours. It is
different countries. The significant because the created to enhance the surrounding area,
significant impact on the Bauang Diesel
more well-known a purpose of the Bauang efficiency of the diesel including the nearby
brand is, the higher the Diesel Powerplant powerplant, well-known the community Powerplant's community, is
quality of the component extension is to fulfil the brand components can surrounding the reputation that is at considered
that will be required to community's demand be used in its Bauang Diesel stake when it comes
improve the diesel power and avoid power development.
throughout the
Powerplant and the to worker safety
plant outages. project proposal.
environment.
 TRADE
Pairwise comparison is utilized to
decide which constraints must be OFFS
Environmental constraints, on the other
prioritized according to their order
hand, had the second highest total using
in the expansion of Bauang Diesel
pairwise comparison, and societal Finally, utilizing the pairwise
Powerplant for the development of
restrictions came in third. Because of its comparison, the economic constraint
its efficiency. As a result, health
tendency to produce air and noise received the lowest total, followed by
and safety are the most important
pollution that harms the environment, sustainability and manufacturability. The
factors to address in this study.
every diesel powerplant is harmful to the government project's budget allocation
environment. That is why, before building for the diesel powerplant expansion
a power plant, it is critical to determine if proposal is a financial constraint. In this
the proposed location will have a study, sustainability refers to a model's
significant detrimental affect on the or manufacturer's ability to be efficient
surrounding area. over the course of its life
 CODES & STANDARDS
Since the Bauang Diesel Powerplant is in the Philippines, the Philippine Society of Mechanical Engineers (PSME)
is important in setting the diesel powerplant's safety and health standards.

• RA 8495 Article 1 Section 3

• Section 9 of Commonwealth Act No. 294 Rule 10

The Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) is the Philippine government's principal department in charge
of enforcing and administering occupational safety and health regulations, policies, and programs.
• Rule 1180: Internal Combustion Engine
• Rule 1182: Standards
• Rule 1183: Internal Combustion Engine Room/Building
 CHAPTER 5
RECOMMENDATION, CONCLUSION &
FINAL DESIGN SUMMARY

Final Design
Conclusion Recommendation Summary
 CONCLUSION
In Conclusion, expansion of diesel plants is simply a means of
increasing the number of generators being set up and the model
that is being utilized.
 RECOMMENDATION

The Researchers suggest that to improve the Bauang Diesel

Power Plant, it is more efficient to keep to its name and
increase energy output by adding and expanding into industry
fine standards Diesel Generators. The best way to work on this
approach is to occupy the unused land within the property and
set up an external, modifiableA expansion project
FINAL DESIGN SUMMARY

The Final Design focuses on an expansion project of

the Diesel Power Plant using an available space from
the area. The Property has about 257,995 square
meters of land of which the focus is to utilize the most
available space so as to increase energy generation
efficiency.
 CHAPTER 5

END OF PRESENTATION

THANK YOU!