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Chapter 6 PPT Slides vs3

The document provides an introduction to Laplace transforms. The key points are: 1) The Laplace transform of a function f(t) is defined by an integral from 0 to infinity of e^-st f(t) dt. 2) Laplace transforms are linear, so the transform of af(t) + bg(t) is aL[f(t)] + bL[g(t)]. 3) The inverse Laplace transform can recover the original function f(t) from its transform F(s). Convolutions and integrals of functions can also be analyzed using Laplace transforms.

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Sherif Aly
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© © All Rights Reserved
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478 views

Chapter 6 PPT Slides vs3

The document provides an introduction to Laplace transforms. The key points are: 1) The Laplace transform of a function f(t) is defined by an integral from 0 to infinity of e^-st f(t) dt. 2) Laplace transforms are linear, so the transform of af(t) + bg(t) is aL[f(t)] + bL[g(t)]. 3) The inverse Laplace transform can recover the original function f(t) from its transform F(s). Convolutions and integrals of functions can also be analyzed using Laplace transforms.

Uploaded by

Sherif Aly
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 6

Laplace Transforms
6.1
Introduction to Laplace Transform
Definition of Laplace Transform

Let f (t ) be a function defined for t  0 , and let s denote an arbitrary real


variable. Then the integral

L  f (t )  0 e  st f (t )dt  F ( s )
is said to be the Laplace transform of f (t ) , provided the integral converges.
Theorem 6.1 Linearity of Laplace Transforms

Let f (t ) and g (be


t ) any functions whose Laplace transforms exist,

and let a and b be any constants. Then

L af (t )  bg (t )  aL  f (t )  bL g (t )
Theorem 6.2 Existence Theorem for Laplace Transforms

The Laplace transform of a function f (t ) exists if f (t ) is

piecewise continuous and of exponential order on t  0 .


6.2
Inverse Transforms
If L  f (t ),then
 F (s) . L 1 F ( s )  f (t )

Linearity of Inverse Transforms:

L 1
aF ( s)  bG ( s)  aL F (s)  bL G ( s)
1 1
6.3
Transforms of Derivatives and Initial-Value Problems
Theorem 6.3 Transforms of Derivatives

are of exponential order and continuous on 0, 


( n 1)
If f , f ,..., f

and if f ( n ) (t ) is piecewise continuous on 0,  , then


L  f ( n ) (t )  s n F ( s )  s n1 f (0)  s n2 f (0)  ...  f ( n1) (0)

where F ( s )  L  f (t )
Initial-Value Problems
Initial-value problem in
terms of y(t) and its
derivatives

Laplace transform
Algebraic equation
in Y(s)
 

Solve for Y(s)


 

Inverse Laplace transform

Desired solution, y(t)


6.4
Operational Properties
Translation on the s-axis

Theorem 6.4 s-Translation Theorem

If L  f (t )  F ( s)and ais any real number, then

 
L e at f (t )  F ( s  a )

Inverse Form of the s-Translation Theorem


L 1 F ( s  a )  e at f (t )
Translation on the t-axis

The unit step function u (t  a ) is defined to be

0, 0  t  a
u (t  a )  
1, ta
Theorem 6.5 t-Translation Theorem
If L  f (t )  F ( s ) and a  0 , then
L  f (t  a)u (t  a )  e  as F ( s )

Alternative form of the t-translation theorem:

L g (t )u (t  a)  e  as L g (t  a)

Inverse form of the t-translation theorem:


 
L 1 e as F ( s )  f (t  a )u (t  a )
Theorem 6.6 Derivatives of a Transform

If L  f (t )  F ( s) and n  1, 2,3,... , then

n
d
 
L t n f (t )   1
n

ds n
F ( s)
6.5
TRANSFORMS OF PIECEWISE CONTINUOUS, PERIODIC AND DIRAC
DELTA FUNCTIONS
Piecewise Continuous Function
Define a piecewise continuous function f (t )as
 f1 (t ), 0  t  t1
 f (t ), t  t  t
 2 1 2
f (t )  
 
 f n (t ), t  tn

In terms of the unit step function, f (t ) can be expressed in a single form as:

f (t )  f1 (t ) u (t  0)  u (t  t1 )   f 2 (t ) u (t  t1 )  u (t  t 2 )   ...  f n (t )u (t  t n )

where
u (t  0)  1.
Theorem 6.7 Transform of a Periodic Function

Let f (t ) be a periodic function with period T , and that f (t ) is piecewise


continuous on 0,  . The Laplace transform of f (t ) is given by

1 T
L  f (t )  0 e  st f (t )dt
1  e sT

Alternatively,
1
L  f (t )   sT
L h(t )
1 e

where h(t ) is the function f (t ) specified over one period only and zero
elsewehere.
The Dirac Delta Function
Let  k (t  t0 ) represents an impulsive force being distributed over some

brief time interval, 2k.

 0, 0  t  t 0 k

 k (t  t0 )  1 / 2k , t 0 k  t  t0  k
 0, t  t0  k

The Dirac delta function is defined as  (t  t0 )  lim  k (t  t0 )


k 0

The Laplace transform of the Dirac delta function is L  (t  t0 )  e  st 0


6.6
CONVOLUTION
Convolution

Let f (t ) and g (t ) be piecewise-continuous functions for t  0 . The


convolution of f (t ) and g (t ) , is defined by the integral

t
f (t )  g (t )   f ( ) g (t   )d
0
Theorem 6.8 Convolution

If f (t ) and g (t ) are piecewise continuous functions on t  0 and of


exponential order, then
L  f (t )  g (t )  L  f (t ) L g (t )

Transform of an Integral

L 
0
t

f ( )d 
F (s)
s

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