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Hypothesis Testing: Erma M. Orada

The document discusses statistical hypothesis testing. It defines a statistical hypothesis as a claim about a population parameter that can be either true or false. It also defines a test of hypothesis as a procedure to decide whether to accept or reject a hypothesis based on a random sample. The document outlines the types of hypotheses (null and alternative), types of errors in hypothesis testing (Type I and Type II), and provides examples to illustrate key concepts related to statistical hypothesis testing.

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Erma Orada
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115 views

Hypothesis Testing: Erma M. Orada

The document discusses statistical hypothesis testing. It defines a statistical hypothesis as a claim about a population parameter that can be either true or false. It also defines a test of hypothesis as a procedure to decide whether to accept or reject a hypothesis based on a random sample. The document outlines the types of hypotheses (null and alternative), types of errors in hypothesis testing (Type I and Type II), and provides examples to illustrate key concepts related to statistical hypothesis testing.

Uploaded by

Erma Orada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Statistics and Probability

Hypothesis Testing

ERMA M. ORADA
Teacher I

January 28, 2020


Statistics and Probability
 Statistical Hypothesis

How can you determine if your


conjecture is either true or false?
Statistics and Probability
 Statistical Hypothesis

What is your basis in making


decisions?
Statistics and Probability
 Statistical Hypothesis

Definition
A statistical hypothesis is a claim or a conjecture
about a population parameter that may either be
true or false.
Statistics and Probability
 Statistical Hypothesis

There are two possible actions that one can do


with the statement.

ACCEPT REJECT
Statistics and Probability
 Statistical Hypothesis

Definition
A test of hypothesis is a procedure based on a
random sample of observations with a given level of
probability of committing an error in making the
decision, whether the hypothesis is true or false.
Statistics and Probability
 Statistical Hypothesis

Types of Statistical Hypothesis


1. Null Hypothesis
 Denoted by
 states that there is no difference between a
parameter and a specific value, or that there is
no difference between two parameters
 a statement or claim or conjecture to be tested
Statistics and Probability
 Statistical Hypothesis

Types of Statistical Hypothesis


2. Alternative Hypothesis
 Denoted by (some references use )
 states the existence of a difference between a
parameter and a specific value, or that there is
a difference between two parameters
 a the claim that is accepted in case the null
hypothesis is rejected
 Also called as the “research hypothesis”
Statistics and Probability
 Statistical Hypothesis

The null and alternative hypotheses are


complementary and must not overlap. The usual
pairs are as follows:

𝑯 𝟎
𝑯 𝟏
V
Parameter = Value Parameter Value
E
Parameter = Value R Parameter Value

Parameter = Value
S Parameter Value
U
Parameter Value S Parameter Value

Parameter Value Parameter Value


Statistics and Probability
 Statistical Hypothesis

Example
Consider the average number of text messages a
Grade 11 student sends in a day. The statement
could be stated as follows:
“The average daily number of text messages that
a Grade 11 student sends is equal to 100.”

: The average daily number of text messages that a


Grade 11 student sends is equal to 100.”

: The average daily number of text messages that a


Grade 11 student sends is not equal to 100.”
Statistics and Probability
 Statistical Hypothesis

Types of Error in Hypothesis Testing


Statistics and Probability
 Statistical Hypothesis

Types of Error in Hypothesis Testing


1. Type I Error
 occurs if you reject the null hypothesis when
it is true

2. Type II Error
 occurs if you do not reject the null hypothesis
when it is false
Statistics and Probability
 Statistical Hypothesis

Type I Error Correct


The defendant Decision
is convicted The defendant
but he or she is convicted
did not and he or she
commit the has committed
crime. the crime.

Correct
Type II Error
Decision
The defendant
The defendant
is acquitted is acquitted
and he or she and he or she
did not commit commit the
the crime. crime.
Statistics and Probability
 Statistical Hypothesis

Example

Alden is exclusively dating Maine. He


remembers that on their first date, Maine
told him that her birthday was this month.
However, he forgot the exact date. Ashamed
to admit that he did not remember, he
decides to use hypothesis testing to make an
educated guess that today is Maine’s
birthday. Help Alden do it.
Statistics and Probability

Group Activity
Statistics and Probability
 Statistical Hypothesis

Group 1

A manufacturer of IT gadgets recently


announced they had developed a new
battery for a tablet and claimed that it has
an average life of at least 24 hours. Would
you buy this battery?
Statistics and Probability
 Statistical Hypothesis

Group 2
After senior high school, Lily is pondering whether
or not to pursue a degree in Statistics. She was told
that if she graduates with a degree in Statistics, a
life of fulfilment and happiness awaits her. Assist
her in making a decision.
Statistics and Probability
 Statistical Hypothesis

Group 3
A teenager who wanted to lose weight is
contemplating on following a diet she read about in
the Facebook. She wants to adopt it but,
unfortunately, following the diet requires buying
nutritious, low calorie yet expensive food. Help her
decide.
Statistics and Probability
 Statistical Hypothesis

Group 4
An airline company regularly does quality control
checks on airplanes. Tire inspection is included
since tires are sensitive to the heat produced when
the airplane passes through the airport’s runway.
The company, since its operation, uses a particular
type of tire which is guaranteed to perform even at a
maximum surface temperature of . However, the
tires cannot be used and need to be replaced when
surface temperature exceeds a mean of . Help the
company decide whether or not to do a complete tire
replacement.
Statistics and Probability

Thank You!

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