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Evolution of Operating Systems

This document provides an overview of the evolution of operating systems from first to fourth generation computers. It discusses how early systems had no operating systems and used punch cards as input, while second generation systems introduced batch processing. Third generation systems enabled multiprogramming and time sharing. Fourth generation systems used large-scale integrated circuits and features like multi-threading and pipelining. Some examples of early operating systems include GM-NAA I/O, IBM OS 360 series, and Unix. Overall, the document traces the development of operating systems and how their capabilities improved with each generation of computers.

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Pavan Kumar Chinta
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143 views11 pages

Evolution of Operating Systems

This document provides an overview of the evolution of operating systems from first to fourth generation computers. It discusses how early systems had no operating systems and used punch cards as input, while second generation systems introduced batch processing. Third generation systems enabled multiprogramming and time sharing. Fourth generation systems used large-scale integrated circuits and features like multi-threading and pipelining. Some examples of early operating systems include GM-NAA I/O, IBM OS 360 series, and Unix. Overall, the document traces the development of operating systems and how their capabilities improved with each generation of computers.

Uploaded by

Pavan Kumar Chinta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EVOLUTION OF

OPERATING
SYSTEMS
By
Addepalli Srilekha – AP19110010013
Dhara Mohana Vamsi - AP19110010035
Pavan Kumar Chinta - AP19110010042
Srilahari Sivanvitha Nori - AP19110010076
K Sriharsha - AP19110010252
AGENDA

Introduction to OS

Generation based Evolution

Model based Evolution

2
WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM

A system software that handles both software and


hardware resources and provides services for computer
programs.
GOALS OF AN
OPERATING SYSTEM

 Makes solving problems easier.


 Makes computer systems convenient to use.
 Use computer hardware efficiently
FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS

 No Operating system.
 Input is taken by using punch cards.
 Developed using machine level language
 Serial processing is used to execute instructions.
 These are called bare machines as they do not have OS
 User cannot interact with the system as there is no I/O management unit.

Serial Processing:

 Performs all instructions in a sequential manner.


 This follows First In First Out approach.
 First the instructions are stored in the punch cards, then they enter the system
and get executed.
 Windows 95 and Windows 98 are examples
SECOND GENERATION COMPUTER

 Transistors are used


 OS includes Batch operating system processing
 This is developed using assembly level language.
 Contains Input and Output channels

Batch operating system processing:

 There is no user – computer interaction.


 User records a set of instructions to be executed on punch cards and
submits it to the computer.
 To speed up processing, jobs with similar needs are batched together
and run as a group.

6
THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS

 Integrated circuits are used in place of transistors


 It provides multiprogramming
 We can store data, programs, libraries, etc
 Enables time sharing

Multi Programming:
 Sharing the processor when two or more programs reside in memory at the
same time.
 This increases CPU utilization.
Time Sharing:
 This is the logical extension of multiprogramming
 Time-sharing enables people, located at various terminals, to use a particular
computer at the same time.
FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTER

 Contains Large scale integrating circuits and chips containing


thousands of transistors
 Unix is used as the master OS.
 It uses multi threading, scheduling and pipelining

Multi threading:
 The ability of an operating system to manage its use by more than one user
and multiple requests by the same user without having multiple copies of the
program running in the system.

Scheduling:
 The process of handling the removal of the running process from the CPU and
the selection of another process on the basis of a particular strategy.

Pipelining:
 Pipelining is a process of arrangement of hardware elements of the CPU such
that its overall performance is increased. 8
THE FIRST OPERATING SYSTEM SOLD ALONG WITH A COMPUTER
WAS INVENTED BY THE GENERAL MOTORS RESEARCH
LABORATORIES IN EARLY 1950’S FOR THEIR IBM 701.

TO L I S T O U T A F E W

GM-NAA I/O - 1956 - Second Gen

IBM OS 360 Series - 1960's - Third Gen

Unix - 1970's - Fourth Gen

M a c O S , Wi n d o w s O S - 1 9 8 0 ' s ( P C )
SUMMARY

Open source operating systems are developed by a large


number of developers around the world.
THANK
YOU
Computer science is the operating system for all innovation.

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