History of

Vocational
Guidance

Gildegardo R. Munar
 The Influence of Specific Events:
Western
Plato and Aristotle- Foundation of
counseling and guidance principles

1890’s The Social Reform

Movement in the United States
1907
1626: The Universal
Plaza off all the • 1907:Jessie B. Davies
professions of the Implemented the first program
world( First text on group counseling
career options- • Understanding one’s character
Tomaso Garzoni • Emulating good models
• Developing socially responsible
workers
 The Influence of Specific Events: Western
*1907 Frank Parsons: Credited the first system theory
of Career Guidance, consistent with the social reform
at time.
•He was considered as Father of Vocational Guidance
1910 First National
•3 STEPS OF THEORY Conference was Sponsored
• Understanding of self by the Bureau of Vocational
• Knowledge of the requirements of work Guidance
• True reasoning on the relationship among these two

1907 1913

• 1908: Bureau of Vocational

• 1909 The Book Choosing a
Guidance or Vocational Bureau
Vocation was Published
of Boston was established by
Frank Parsons
• Parson wrote a book called • 1913: National Vocational
“Choosing a Vocation”
Guidance Association was
• Ana Reeds reported on the
organization at vocational guidance form wherein teachers acted
to teachers in New York City as counselors
• Bruer traced back the history of
vocational guidance
• The first service advising
 The Influence of Specific Events: Western
*1914 WORLD War I (WWI)
1924- Hawthrone Study in
•The Making of Psychological Test (Army Hawthrone, Illinois in the Western
Alpha Army Beta) Electric
•The Military wanted to eliminate those who •3 FACTORS
do not have intelligence
•
• Illumination
ARMY ALPHA TEST- FOR THE LITTERATE
• ARMY BETA TEST – FOR THE ILLETERATE • Temperature /Humidity
• The beginning of abstract Test
• Rest Pauses
1914 1924

• 1918: Influence of
Vocational Guidance to 1920’s College students
Uraguay and China personnel programs and
• Spread of School vocational secondary school guidance
guidance program
 The Influence of Specific Events: Western

1942 World War II

• 1930: Increase in school
guidance specialist with (WW II)
no acceptable standards •The test to determine who
for training and practice among the people could
operate the weapons of the
war
1930 1942
• 1940s Directive Guidance on
Trait and Factor Theory
• A focus on testing services
for normal adjustment goal
setting, skills acquisition,
attitude change, learning
environments
 The Influence of Specific Events:
Western
1959’ Ratio prescribed
for School counselor 1:
200/300
• 1952- Creation of American (James B. Conant)
Personnel and Guidance
Association- American
1942 Counseling Association 1961

*1942-1961: Non Directive Guidance • 1958: Enactment of National

* Emphasis on Individual Choices Education Defense Act
• Initiative to identify
academically talented for
strategic career fields
 The Influence of Specific Events:
Western

*1990: AACD,ACES, ASCA 1993 Reintroduction of the

outline working plan on Elementary School Counseling
improving school counseling Demonstration Act
1970 1998

• 1970-Proposal of • 1996: Publication of • 1997-1998:

National Standards for Alger Report on Additional
School Counseling Youth Perception funding for
Programs by ASCA on School School
Counseling as Counseling
Positive and Initiatives
Improving
 The Influence of Specific Events:
Western
1993 Reintroduction of the
Elementary School Counseling • 1970-Proposal of
Demonstration Act National Standards for
School Counseling
Programs by ASCA
1993 1998

• 1996: Publication of Alger • 1997-1998:

Report on Youth Perception Additional
on School Counseling as funding for
Positive and Improving School
Counseling
Initiatives
 The Influence of Specific Events:
Western
*2000: School Community
Collaboration Model is
Encouraged
2001 PL 107-110 No Child Left
Beyond Policy (Implications to
Special Education in Guidance
2000 Functions) 2012

• 2002 :Presentation of ASCA-National Association for School

Counseling Programs
• Additional Funds Given to National School Counselor
Training Initiatives
• The most recent version of the ASCA National Model was
published in 2012
 VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE IN THE
PHILIPPINES

• 1913: Bureau of Public • 1932 University of the

Schools focus on the Philippines
information on employment • First Psychological Clinic
opportunities in various
1913 industries 1933

1920 Initiatives amidst • 1933 Rotary Club of

economic depression Manila
• Publication of reference
materials on trades and
professions
• Information and limited
school guidance service
 VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE IN THE
PHILIPPINES
1935: Counseling Services Expanded in 1950’s Counselors Training via
Schools by Deans of Boys and Girls with Seminars Courses in the U.S.
NO APPROPRIATE TRANING • Graduate Level Training: M.A.
•Task focused on disciplining academic , vocational Education, Major in Guidance
and emotional problems
• Undergraduate Level Training
1935 1950

1945: Guidance Instituted by U.S. Army Psychologist

•Guidance Association of the Philippines
•Frozen Era: Japanese Occupation
•Battle of the Philippines December 8, 1941
•Japanese Occupation of the Philippines (1941–1945) May
8, 1942 – July 5, 1945
 VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE IN THE
1951: Joint Congressional PHILIPPINES
Committee on Education • 1965 Philippine Guidance Personnel
Mandatory Guidance and Association (PGPA)
Counseling • Improvement of Standards
* Assistance on Career Choices • Increasing Observation Manpower
Personal Difficulties, Job Placement Training Needs Imbalance and High
and Initial Work Adjustments Number of Unemployed with
College Degrees
1951 1970

1953: Philippine 1970: Presidential

Association of Commission to
Guidance survey Philippine
Counseling Education due to
mismatch between
college courses and
work
Philippine value
system
 GOVERNMENTAL:

 Weekly one hour homeroom guidance

focusing on career development
 Focused on students admission to college
NCEE
 Presidential Decree 1412 : Bureau of
Employment Service and Human Resource
Allocation
 Skills Training for OST by National
Manpower Youth Council (TESDA)
 CONSTITUTIONAL:

 DLSU with NMYC: Career monographs, multi-

aptitude test battery
 Rotary Club: Publication on Career Information
 VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE IN THE
PHILIPPINES
1973: PGPA Career Education • 1980: 10th World Congress in the
Handbook Philippines on International
Association of Educational and
* Holding of Annual Conventions
Vocational Guidance (Funded by
Towards Specialized Counselor
Asia Foundation and United Board
Training and Graduate Course in
for Christian Education in Asia)
Counseling
1973 1980

1977: Philippine Vocational

• Formulation of Asian of Career
Guidance Association later
Philippine Association for Services as Foundation “ Women
Career and Guidance Work in Asia” Career Planning
Development( PhicGUIDE) Handbook for the New Asian
to Career Guide Association Women
of the Philippines (CDAP) • Creation of the Center for Women
Studies and Development (Siliman
University, Dumaguete)
 VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• 1990-2000
1981: Higher Education and Labor • Career Counseling Services in
Market Study (HELMS) highlights Industries due to Displacement,
•Overqualified employees Early Retirement
•Increasing export of trained Human • OFW Increase, Globalization,
Resource Overseas Information Age
• Placement and Career Service
1981 Center 2000
• Government Skills Training Center
1982: Launching of Technical • PESO Act of 1999 wherein PESO
Vocational Education Project of DECS Offices all Over the Country are
with DLSU tasked to Career Guidance and
•Established Center for Counselor Counseling
Training in Career Counseling to Train • Career Guidance Services
Career Counselors for Technician
• Online Career Information Sources
•Education and Development of
• Research on Career Related
Technician Careers Information
Problems of Filipinos
Handbook
 VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE IN THE
PHILIPPINES

2004: The Guidance Bill • 2007:

• September 04, 2007 Official
Publication of Guidance Bill
2004 2018

• Republic Act No. 11206 or

2006: National Career • February 10, 2008 the Secondary School
Assessment Exam (NCAE) First Oath Taking of Career Guidance and
Licensed Guidance Counseling Act
Counselor held in • Signed into Law on
Centennial Hall, Feb.14, 2019.
Manila Hotel • Career Guidance and
Counseling Program
(CGCP)
• NO IRR yet
Thank you
for your
attention...