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Lesson 3 Polyhedrons: Week 5 Math 13 Solid Mensuration

The document discusses polyhedrons and solid mensuration. It defines terms like dihedral angles, polyhedral angles, convex polyhedrons. It covers topics such as the volume and surface area of solids, Cavalieri's principle, and properties of regular polyhedrons including formulas for their edges, faces, vertices, total surface area, and volume. Examples are provided for calculating the dihedral angle, total area and volume of a regular tetrahedron. Homework problems at the end ask the reader to calculate distances and volumes of geometric solids.

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Dan Casurao
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394 views

Lesson 3 Polyhedrons: Week 5 Math 13 Solid Mensuration

The document discusses polyhedrons and solid mensuration. It defines terms like dihedral angles, polyhedral angles, convex polyhedrons. It covers topics such as the volume and surface area of solids, Cavalieri's principle, and properties of regular polyhedrons including formulas for their edges, faces, vertices, total surface area, and volume. Examples are provided for calculating the dihedral angle, total area and volume of a regular tetrahedron. Homework problems at the end ask the reader to calculate distances and volumes of geometric solids.

Uploaded by

Dan Casurao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 3 POLYHEDRONS

Week 5
Math 13
Solid Mensuration
• Dihedral Angles
• The dihedral angle is the angle formed
between two intersecting planes. In the figure
shown, the two planes are called faces of the
dihedral angle, and the line of intersection
between the planes is called the edge of the
angle.

Reference: Solid Mensuration by Richard Earnhart


Solid Mensuration by Earnhart
Polyhedral Angles
• A polyhedral angle is the angle formed by three or
more planes which meet at a common point.
• The common point is called the vertex of the angle.
The intersecting planes are the faces of the polyhedral
angle. The lines of intersection of these faces are called
the edges. A plane which cuts all the faces of a polyhedral
angle (except at the vertex) is called a section.
• A face angle is the angle at the vertex and formed by
any two adjacent edges. A dihedral angle of the
polyhedral angle is the dihedral angle formed by any two
intersecting faces.
Solid Mensuration by Earnhart
Solid Mensuration by Earnhart
• A convex polyhedral angle is a polyhedral
angle in which any section is a convex polygon.

Important Facts:
• The sum of any two face angles of a trihedral
angle is greater than the third face angle.
• The sum of the face angles of any convex
polyhedral angle is less than .

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


• The projection of a straight line upon a
plane, not perpendicular to the line, is
also a straight line.

• The angle that the line makes with its


projection on a plane is called the angle
of inclination of a line to a plane.

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


Example 1, p78
• is a rectangle, with and . is drawn
perpendicular to both and at . If , find the
length of .

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


• A solid is any limited portion of space
bounded by surfaces or plane figures.

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


Volume and Surface Area of Solids
• The volume of a solid is the amount of space it
occupies. It has units of cubic length (i.e., cm 3, m3,
in3, ft3, etc.).
• The surface area is the area of a three-
dimensional surface.
• The lateral area of a solid considers only the areas
of the lateral or the side surfaces.
• The total surface area includes both the lateral
area and the area of the bases (top and bottom).
Thus, the total surface area may be defined as the
total area of all surfaces that bound the solid.
•   Solid Mensuration by Earnhart
• The Cavalieri’s Principle
• Given any two solids included between
parallel horizontal planes; if every right section
has the same area in both solids, then the
volume of the solids are equal.

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


• The Volume Addition Theorem
• The volume of the region enclosed by a
solid may be divided into non-overlapping
smaller regions so that the sum of the volumes
of these smaller regions is equal to the volume
of the solid.

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


• A polyhedron (plural polyhedra or
polyhedrons) is a solid which is bounded by
polygons joined at their edges.

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


• Polyhedrons are called regular polyhedra or
platonic solids if their faces are congruent
regular polygons and their polyhedral angles
are equal.

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


Solid Mensuration by Earnhart
• Similar Figures
• Two polyhedra are said to be similar if they
have the same number of faces that are
similarly placed, and which corresponding
polyhedral angles are congruent.
Corresponding dimensions (lengths of lines
such as edge, height, etc) of similar figures are
also proportional.

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


Similar Figures
x1 x2

y1 y2

2
A1  x1 
  
A2  x2 

3
V1  x1 
  

V2  x2 

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


Facts About Regular Polyhedrons
• Regular Polyhedrons of the same number of
faces are similar.
• Number of edges: .
where the number of polygons enclosing the
polyhedron and the number of sides in each
polygon.
Number of vertices:

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


Total Area:
Volume of a Regular Polyhedron
In any regular polyhedron, where denotes the dihedral
angle between any two adjacent faces, the number of
faces at one vertex, and the number of sides in each
polygon,
.
,
where denotes the number of polygons, and the length of an
edge.

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


Example 7
• Find the dihedral angle formed by any two
adjacent faces, the total area and the volume
of a regular tetrahedron if the measure of one
edge is 10 inches.
• ANS: TSA=173.2 sq.in.
• V=117.85 cu.in.

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


Problems
• #7 Page 84: The sides of an equilateral triangle
are 6 cm each. Find the distance between the
plane of the triangle and a point P which is 13
cm from each vertex of the triangle.

• #9 Page 92: Find the volume of a regular


dodecahedron if the total area is 2498 ft2.

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


Homework

• #3, 9 Pages 83-84


• #3, 5, 7 & 11 Page 92

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart

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