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Lesson 4: Prisms and Cylinders Solids For Which V BH: Week 6 Math 13 Solid Mensuration

This document discusses different types of prisms and cylinders. It defines prisms as polyhedrons with two congruent bases that are parallel. Right prisms have lateral faces perpendicular to the bases, while oblique prisms do not. Cylinders are solids bounded by a cylindrical surface and two parallel bases. The document provides formulas for surface areas and volumes of prisms and cylinders. It includes sample problems calculating dimensions from other values or vice versa. Homework exercises are assigned at the end.

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Dan Casurao
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126 views

Lesson 4: Prisms and Cylinders Solids For Which V BH: Week 6 Math 13 Solid Mensuration

This document discusses different types of prisms and cylinders. It defines prisms as polyhedrons with two congruent bases that are parallel. Right prisms have lateral faces perpendicular to the bases, while oblique prisms do not. Cylinders are solids bounded by a cylindrical surface and two parallel bases. The document provides formulas for surface areas and volumes of prisms and cylinders. It includes sample problems calculating dimensions from other values or vice versa. Homework exercises are assigned at the end.

Uploaded by

Dan Casurao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 4: PRISMS AND CYLINDERS

Solids for which V=Bh

Week 6
Math 13
Solid Mensuration
• A prism is defined as a polyhedron with two
congruent bases that lie in parallel planes, and
whose every section that is parallel to a base
has the same area as that of the base.

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


• A right prism is a prism whose lateral faces or
lateral edges are perpendicular to the two
bases.
• A regular prism is a right prism whose bases are
regular polygons. If the base is a regular polygon
of n sides then the prism contains n number of
congruent lateral faces which are rectangles.
• An oblique prism is a prism whose lateral faces
or lateral edges are not perpendicular to its
bases. Its lateral faces are parallelograms.

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


• A right section of a prism is a section made
by a plane perpendicular to one of the lateral
edges.
• An oblique section is made by a plane oblique
to one of the lateral edges.

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


Surface Areas
• The lateral area of a prism is the product of
the perimeter P of a right section and the
length e of a lateral edge.
LSA  Pe

Total Surface Area:


TSA  2B  LSA
where B is the area of one base.
Solid Mensuration by Earnhart
Volume of Prism

V = Bh
V  Bh  Re

R  B sin 

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


• A rectangular solid, also known as
rectangular parallelepiped is a polyhedron
with two rectangular bases and lateral edges
that are perpendicular to the bases.

w
l

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


Rectangular Solids
• Diagonal :

• Surface Area: .

•  Volume: ..

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


• A cube is a hexahedron whose 12 edges are
all congruent.

d s

s
s

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


Cube
• Diagonal:

• Surface Area:

• Volume: .

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


• A cylinder is the solid bounded by a closed
cylindrical surface and two parallel planes
cutting all the elements of the surface.
• A circular cylinder is one whose bases are
circles. It may also be thought of as a prism
with two equal circular bases.
• A circular cylinder is a right circular cylinder, if
the height or the line segment drawn through
the center of the bottom base connects the
center of the top base. Otherwise, the
cylinder is said to be oblique.
Solid Mensuration by Earnhart
Surface Areas
LSA  2rh TSA  2B  LSA

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


Volume of Cylinder

2
V  r h

V  Bh  Re

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


Sample Problems
EXAMPLE 2 Page 99: The trough in the figure has
trapezoidal ends which lie in parallel planes. The
top of the trough is a horizontal rectangle 6 ft by
16 ft and the depth of the trough is 4 ft.
– How many cubic feet of water can it hold?
– How many cubic feet of water does it contain
when the depth of the water is 3 ft?
– What is the area covered by water (wet portion of
the container) with this height?

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


Solid Mensuration by Earnhart
EXAMPLE: The right section of a prism is in the
form of a regular hexagon whose apothem
measures 5 cm. If the lateral area is 360cm2,
what is the length of the lateral edge of the
prism?
• ANS. 10.39 cm.

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


EXAMPLE 10: A cylinder with a volume of 576pi
m3 is circumscribed about a square prism which
has one side of the base that measures 8m.
What is the altitude of the cylinder?
ANS: 18 m

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


EXAMPLE: The length of a rectangular solid is
three times the width and the height is twice the
width. Find the volume and the length of its
diagonal if the total surface area is 198 in2.
ANS: V=162 cu.in, d=11.22 in

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


• EXAMPLE: Find the volume of a regular
hexahedron if one of the diagonals of its faces is
inches.
• EXAMPLE: A cylindrical gas bottle has internal
dimensions of 18 cm in diameter and 49 cm in
height. It is designed to contain compressed
oxygen gas. The bottle has a mass of 1.75 kg
when empty and 3.15 kg when full of oxygen gas.
What is the density of the oxygen gas in a full
bottle in kg/m3?
Solid Mensuration by Earnhart
PROBLEMS
1. A cylindrical tank has a lateral surface area of
88 π cm2 (not 8 π as what printed in the
book) and a volume of 176π cm3. Find the
base area. (#15 4.3 page 118)

2. What dimensions of a tin can of volume 54π


cm3 should be produced if it is required that its
height be equal to the diameter of its base?

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart


PROBLEMS
3. One edge of an oblique prism forms an angle
of 300 with its projection on the plane of one
base. If the lateral edge is 15 cm long and the
base area is 20 cm2, find the volume of the
prism.
4. Each base of a right prism is a rhombus. The
diagonals of a base are 12 and 6, and the altitude
of the prism is 18. Find the volume and the
lateral area.
Solid Mensuration by Earnhart
Homework
• EXERCISE 4.1: #1, 9, 17 pp. 102-104

• EXERCISE 4.2: #7, 23 pp. 110-111

• EXERCISES 4.3: #1-a, 13, 25, pp. 118-121

Solid Mensuration by Earnhart

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