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Design of Distillation Column

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Ramesh Babu
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169 views

Design of Distillation Column

Uploaded by

Ramesh Babu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Design of Distillation Column

Definitions

• Distillation
Steps of Design

• Degree of separation required: set product specifications.


• Operating conditions: batch or continuous; operating pressure.
• The stage and reflux requirements: the no. of equilibrium stages.
• Size the column: diameter, number of real stages.
• Type of contacting device: plates or packing.
• Design the column internals: plates, distributors, packing supports.
• Mechanical design: vessel and internal fittings.
Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium(VLE)
K-value and Relative volatility

K-value is the measure of tendency of component i to vaporize

The relative volatility of components i and j is defined as

For binary system

OR
Contd…….

Ideal System Non ideal system

Dalton’s law

Raoult’s law

Bubble point of a mixture

Dew point of a mixture


Theoretical Stages
• Ideal and Non ideal Stages
The ideal distillation stage is a device that meets the criteria:

• Stage Efficiency
= (Ideal Stages / Non ideal Stages) * 100
• Stripping Stages
• Rectifying Stages
• Fractionation Stages
Material and Energy Balances
Mass balance

Component balance

Energy balance

Equilibrium relationship
McCabe- Thiele Diagrams
Binary Distillation and for Constant molar overflow

Equilibrium Curve: x-y diagram

45o diagonal line:

Rectifying section operating line:

Stripping section operation line:

q-line equation:
Table of q-line, slope of q-line and flow rate conditions
Q-line and its slope
McCabe-Thiele Diagram
• Reflux Ratio: R = L/D
• Total Reflux Ratio: Min. no. of stages
• Minimum Reflux Ratio: Infinitive no. of. stages
• Optimum Reflux Ratio: Lies b/n 1.2 – 1.5 times min. R.R
• Stripping Ratio: S = V’/B

at io
x R
u
Re fl
im um
t
Op
Multicomponent Distillation

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