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Quarter 2 - Module 7

This document discusses laws and techniques for simplifying expressions with rational exponents. It defines a radical as a fractional exponent where the numerator is the power of the base and the denominator is the index of the radical. The key laws covered are the product rule, quotient rule, and laws for like indexes and exponents. Examples are provided to demonstrate simplifying radicals by writing the radicand as a product of perfect squares and using these laws to put the radical in simplest form. The process of rationalizing denominators by multiplying the numerator and denominator by a conjugate expression to remove radicals from the denominator is also explained.

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Samuel Lendio
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122 views

Quarter 2 - Module 7

This document discusses laws and techniques for simplifying expressions with rational exponents. It defines a radical as a fractional exponent where the numerator is the power of the base and the denominator is the index of the radical. The key laws covered are the product rule, quotient rule, and laws for like indexes and exponents. Examples are provided to demonstrate simplifying radicals by writing the radicand as a product of perfect squares and using these laws to put the radical in simplest form. The process of rationalizing denominators by multiplying the numerator and denominator by a conjugate expression to remove radicals from the denominator is also explained.

Uploaded by

Samuel Lendio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 1

SIMPLIFYING
EXPRESSIONS WITH
RATIONAL EXPONENTS
LAWS OF RADICALS
1. Definition of n root th

A radical represents a fractional exponent in which the


numerator of the fractional exponent is the power of the base
and the denominator of the fractional exponent is the index of
the radical.
LAWS OF RADICALS
Example:
= = = =9
2. The Product Rule for Radicals
=

The nth root of a product is equal to the product of the nth  root


of each factor. 
Note: the indices must be the same.
2. =
Example:

==2
3. The Quotient Rule for Radicals
=
The nth  root of a quotient is equal to the nth  root of the
numerator divided by the nth  root of the denominator.
3. =
Example:

= =
4. Like Index and Exponents
=x

Caution: Beware of negative bases


when using this rule. 
4. =x
Example:

=x
4. =x
Example:

= -3
The answer is negative because the
exponent is odd
4. =x
Example:

=2
The answer is positive because the
exponent is even
SIMPLIFYING RADICALS:
A radical is in simplest form when:
1. There is no perfect nth power in the
radicand when the index is n.
2. There is no radical in the denominator
or a fraction in the radicand.
3. The index is the lowest possible index.
Examples:
Simplify:
1. Write the radicand as a product of a
perfect square and factors that do not
contain perfect squares.

Extract the root of the perfect square


¿4 √6
Th

factor and affix the factor which is not a


es

perfect square.
im
pl
es
tf
or
m
Examples:
Simplify:
2. Write the radicand as a product of a
perfect square and factors that do not

√ 96=√ 32 ∙ √ 3
5 5 5 contain perfect squares.

Extract the root of the perfect square


¿ 2 √3
5
Th

factor and affix the factor which is not a


es

perfect square.
im
pl
es
tf
or
m
Examples:
Simplify:
3. Write the radicand as a product of a
perfect square and factors that do not

√ 𝑥 =√ 𝑥
7 6 contain perfect squares.
∙ 𝑥 Extract the root of the perfect square
¿ 𝑥 √ 6 factor
3
Th

and affix the factor which is not a


es

perfect square.
im
pl
es
tf
or
m
Examples:
Simplify:
Write the radicand as a factor
4. of a perfect square and 2xy

3 x √ 8 𝑥 𝑦 =3 𝑥 √ 4 𝑥 𝑦 (2 𝑥𝑦 )
3 13 2 12
Use the product

¿ 3 𝑥 √ 4 𝑥 𝑦 ∙ √ 2 𝑥𝑦
2 12 Property of Square
Roots
¿ 3 𝑥 ∙ 26𝑥𝑦 √ 2 𝑥𝑦
6

¿ 6 𝑥𝑦 √ 2 𝑥𝑦
Examples:
Simplify: Write the radicand as a
product of a perfect squares
5. Both factors are perfect

√ 25( 𝑥+ 2) =√ 25 ∙ √( 𝑥+2)
2 2 squares.

¿ 5 ∙ ( 𝑥 +2Simplify.
)
5x + 10
Examples:
Simplify:
6.

√ 4
=
Rewrite
18 𝑦 of the
√ 18
√ 4radical expression as the quotient
the
square𝑦
roots.

is the perfect square

𝑆 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦 .
RATIONALIZING DENOMINATOR OF RADICALS
 A radical is not considered simplified if there is
a radical sign in the denominator.
 To remove the radical sign is to rationalize
 The process of eliminating the radicals in the
denominator is called RATIONALIZATION
 To rationalize the denominator, multiply the
denominator by an appropriate expression such
that product will be a perfect nth root.
Examples:
Simplify: This is not simplified room because there is a radical sign in the
denominator
To simplify, rationalize or remove the radical sign in the
denominator
Multiply both numerator and denominator by (the given
denominator) to make the denominator a perfect square.

Simplify.

The denominator is now free of radicals


Examples:
Simplify: Multiply the numerator and denominator by the conjugate of

¿
√ 2 𝑦 − 3 √ 2 𝑦Simplify by multiplying both numerator and
2

√ − 9 write it over the product of the denominator


𝑦 2

𝑦 √ 2− 3 √ 2 𝑦
¿ The denominator is now free of radicals
𝑦 −9
Examples:
Simplify:

By definition of nth root


1
12
¿ 𝑥 By the Law of Exponents for Powers

¿ √ 𝑥
12

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