You listen You

WHILE
I explain practise
 You
You listen
WHILE
practise explain
I
“To put
the horse
before
the cart”
 TRANSLATE THE
FOLLOWING SENTENCES

1. ¡Ojalá no lloviera tanto!

I wish_________________________________________
/ if only it didn’t rain/wasn’t raining so heavily!

2. Preferiría que no me pidieras dinero prestado.

I’d rather_________________________________________
/I’d sooner you didn’t borrow any money from me.

3. Va siendo hora de que estudies un rato

It’s_________________________________________
high/about time you studied for a while.

4. Supón que fueras rico, ¿dónde vivirías?

Suppose/supposing you were rich, where would you live?

_________________________________________

5. Actúa como si fuera la profesora.

She acts_________________________________________
as if /as though she was/were the teacher.
6. Si (tan sólo) no hubiese comido ese trozo de tarta!
If only I hadn’t eaten that piece of cake!
__________________________________________
 Now, do the following exercises…
https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/unreal-u
ses-past-tenses/

 Pay attention to the mistakes you make. Why did you make them?

 Do those sentences make sense in Spanish?

 How do you translate the verbs in Spanish?

 Can you identify the expressions we are going to study?

 Therefore, what do you think the
topic of this grammar unit will be?
I wish / if only it didn’t rain/wasn’t raining so heavily.

She acts as if /as though she was/were the teacher.

HYPOTHETICAL
EVENTS
It’s high/about time you studied for a while.

Suppose/supposing you were rich, where would you live?

I’d rather /I’d sooner you didn’t borrow any money from me.
PREFERENCES
If only I hadn’t eaten that piece of cake!

WISHES COMPARISONS DUTIES TO DO REGRETS

‘ASAP’
UNREAL TIME
Destination Unit 13
WHAT DO THEY HAVE IN COMMON?

THE PAST
TENSES
 The past tense is sometimes used in English to
refer to an unreal situation.
 Although the tense is the past, we are usually
talking about the present OR EVEN the future.
 e.g. in a Type 2 conditional sentence:

If pigs had wings, they would be able to fly.

 WHAT VERB TENSE SHOULD
THOSE SENTENCES BE IN, IN
SPANISH?
 In Spanish we use the SUBJUNCTIVE.
Si los cerdos tuvieran o tuviesen alas, volarían.

 In English there used to be a SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD…

…but it disappeared.

 We know it existed from sentences like this:

If I were you….(instead of was).

 At present, we find different ways of introducing the

SUBJUNCTIVE:
It’s crucial that he be here soon.
 PAST for WISHES
(present/future)
If only I had more money.
She wishes she was beautiful.
We wish we could come to your party.
Simon dearly wished that he had a bigger house

 Wishes about now or the future

 If only / I wish + PAST TENSE

 Even if ‘wish’ is in the Past Simple, it is still followed by the Past Simple or
the Past Continuous for current, future or general wishes.
 PAST for
COMPARISON
S
COMPARE:

She acts as if / as though she was a millionaire. (but I know she is very poor)
She acts as if /as though she is a millionaire. (she probably is millionaire)

She looked as if/as though she was very poor. (but I knew she was very poor)
She looked as if/as though she was very poor. (she probably was millionaire)

 Current, future or hypothetical comparisons

 As if / as though + PAST TENSES  when the comparison is untrue.

 As if / as though + PRESENT TENSES  when the comparison is possible.

 As if / as though + PAST TENSES  when the verb before ‘as if’ is in the past.
 PAST for
‘TO-DO-ASAP’ duties
COMPARE:
It’s time to think of getting a loan = it’s time we got a loan.
It’s high time / it’s about time we thought of getting a loan.

NOTICE:
It’s high time I was home = It’s high time I was going home .

 Suggests something should be done now or in the near future.

 It’s high time / it’s about time + PAST TENSE.

 It’s time + PAST TENSE or FULL INFINITIVE.

PAST for HYPOTHETICAL EVENTS
Supposing / suppose an elephant and a mouse fell in love, would they be happy?
What if we painted the room yellow?
If only I had more money, I could go to the movies too.
Imagine you were a boy, how would you behave?

NOTICE:
If you won the lottery, I would marry you.
(hypothetical event)
If you had won the lottery, I would have married you. (regret)

COMPARE:
Suppose you become a teacher, will you teach me to read? (possible/probable)
Suppose you became a teacher, would you teach me to read? (hypothetical/unlikely)

 Hypothetical or unlikely current, future or general situations.

 Supposing / suppose / imagine / if only / if (2nd conditional) + PAST TENSES.

 + PRESENT TENSES = more likely/possible situations.

 PAST for PREFERENCES
COMPARE:
(preference)
I’d rather / I’d sooner you didn't hunt elephants.
I’d rather / I’d sooner you hadn’t hunted elephants. (regret)
NOTICE:
I’d rather you called MY MOTHER. (not my father)
I’d rather YOU called my mother. (neither me, nor any other person: just YOU)

COMPARE:
SHE’d rather YOU didn’t borrow money from the bank. (a different subject)
She’d rather not to borrow money from the bank. (same subject)

 For current, general or future preferences

 ‘d rather / ‘d sooner + PAST SIMPLE or CONTINUOUS  Preferences

 ‘d rather / ‘d sooner + PAST PERFECT or PERFECT CONTINUOUS  Regrets

 ‘d rather / ‘d sooner + BARE INFINITIVE  no change of subject.

 PAST for REGRETS
If only she hadn't kissed the frog.
She wished she hadn’t kissed the frog.
She’d rather not to have kissed the frog.
If she hadn’t kissed the frog…..(3rd cond)

ALSO:

What if she hadn’t kissed the frog?

Supposing she hadn’t kissed the frog….
Imagine she hadn’t kissed the frog.
She acted as if she hadn’t kissed the frog.
BUT SHE DID KISS THE
FROG!!!
 For REGRETS.

 If only/wish/‘d rather/‘d sooner + PAST PERFECT (simp/cont) or bare perfect infinitive

 What if/supposing/imagine/as if + PAST PERFECT = past situations

So….shall we put the cart before
the horse!
 Destination C1/C2 p. 108 ex. A,B

B
A 1. Had
2. Decided
3. Were/had been saying/said
1. had had 4. Didn’t have
2. Were we 5. Hadn’t been invented
3. Had the Romans been 6. Stopped
4. Had employed 7. Had just been told
5. Did not have 8. Could
6. hadn’t (been) developed 9. Spoke
7. were/was 10. Was proved/were proved/had been proved
8. Did 11. Became
9. hadn’t been / wasn’t / weren’t 12. Were given/had been given
10. hadn’t done 13. Woke
14. Were
15. Couldn’t
Destination C1/C2 p. 109 ex. C, D, E

E
C D 1. Did you want
2. Was looking
1. A 1. Had grown up 3. Were wondering/wondered
2. A 2. Had been dragged wanted
3. B 3. Was going/were going 4. Were you planning/did you plan
4. B 4. Had been doing 5. Did you wish/were you wishing
5. A 5. Had had 6. Were you looking
6. B 6. Wishes 7. Did you want
7. Was rolling/were rolling 8. Was hoping/hoped/had hoped
8. Wasn’t/weren’t ‘d give
9. Had happened 9. Did you intend/were you intending
10. was wondering/wondered
would be paying/would pay
Destination C1/C2 p. 110 ex. F, G, H

H
F G 1. Had
1. Stopped 2. Ran/were running
2. Looked/were looking 1. I had 3. Hadn’t left
3. Bought 2. I came back 4. Didn’t
4. To do 3. You didn’t tell 5. Would come
5. Started 4. We got went 6. Sang/could sing
6. To get up 5. Was living/lived 7. Have gone
7. Were given 6. She was sent/were sent 8. To speak
8. To be made 7. We didn’t talk/not talk 9. Hope
9. Was allowed 8. You’d told 10. They would give him
10. To go 9. Have 11. Luck
11. Learnt/were learning to 10. They hadn’t stayed 12. Was/had been
12. To call 13. You’d been
14. Wasn’t going
15. Hadn’t been
Destination C1/C2 p. 111 ex. I, J

I
1. A
J
2. D
1. Would rather not be given
3. A
2. Only we had got / we had only got
4. A
3. Wish they’d stop
5. B
4. I could have seen
6. C
5. About time they brought
7. C
6. If Cynthia hadn’t rung
8. B