Scribd
Upload
606 views

Mathematics-4 Quarter 3 Least Common Multiple (LCM)

The document discusses methods for finding the least common multiple (LCM) of numbers. It explains that the LCM is the smallest number that is a multiple of both/all numbers. Three methods are described: listing multiples, prime factorization, and continuous division. Examples are provided to demonstrate each method. The document also includes an activity for readers to find the LCM of pairs of numbers using these methods.

Uploaded by

Jomar C. Rubio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
606 views

Mathematics-4 Quarter 3 Least Common Multiple (LCM)

The document discusses methods for finding the least common multiple (LCM) of numbers. It explains that the LCM is the smallest number that is a multiple of both/all numbers. Three methods are described: listing multiples, prime factorization, and continuous division. Examples are provided to demonstrate each method. The document also includes an activity for readers to find the LCM of pairs of numbers using these methods.

Uploaded by

Jomar C. Rubio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

MATHEMATICS-4

QUARTER 3
LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE (LCM)
LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE
The LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE (LCM) of two
numbers is the smallest number (not including zero
or one) that is multiple of both. The LCM of two
numbers is always larger than either number.

Example: What is the LCM of 3 and 4?


Multiples of 3: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15
Multiples of 4: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20
The LCM of 3 and 4 is 12.
The least common multiple of two or more
nonzero whole numbers is actually the smallest
whole numbers that is divisible by each of the
numbers.

There are two widely used methods: listing


method and prime factorization method.
Listing Method

Simply list down the multiples of each number


(Multiply by 2, 3, 4, and others.) Then, look for the
smallest number that appears in each list.

Example: Find the LCM of 5, 6, and 15.


Example: Find the LCM of 5, 6, and 15.

The multiples of 5 are


5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40,...
The multiples of 6 are
6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48,...
The multiples of 15 are
15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90,...

Among the common multiples the smallest


number that appears in each list is 30.
Therefore, the LCM of 5, 6, and 15 is 30.
Prime Factorization Method

To use this method, factor each of


the numbers into primes. Then for each
different prime number in all of the
factorizations, do the following steps:

Example: Find the LCM of 5, 6, and 15.


Example: Find the LCM of 5, 6, and 15.
The prime factor of 5 is 5 x 1.
The prime factor of 6 is 2 x 3.
The prime factor of 15 is 3 x 5.
Notice that the different primes are 2, 3, and 5

Step 1: Count the number of times each prime appears each of


the factorization.
Step 2: For each prime numbers take the largest of the counts
Step 3: Write down the prime number as many times as you
counted for it in Step 2.
Step 4: The LCM is the product of all prime numbers.
2 x 3 x 5 = 30

Therefore, the LCM of 5, 6, and 15 is 30.


Continuous Division
Another method to find the LCM is the Continuous
Division. To apply the Continuous Division, you may do
the following steps.

Step 1: Write the given numbers in a horizontal line.


Step 2: Divide them by the least suitable prime number
which exactly divides at least two of the given numbers.
Step 3: Put the quotient directly under the numbers in
the next row. If the number is not divided exactly, bring it
down in the next row.
Step 4: Continue the process of Step 2 and Step 3 until the
last row is all 1.
Step 5: Multiply all the divisors. The product of all the
divisors is the LCM.
Using Continuous Division

3 9 12
3 3 4
2 1 4
2 1 2
1 1

LCM= 3 x 3 x 2 x 2
LCM= 36
Another example: 8 and 18

2 8 18
2 4 9
2 2 9
3 1 9
3 1 3
1 1
LCM= 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
LCM= 72
Another example 9, 12, and 27

3 9 12 27
3 3 4 9
3 1 4 3
2 1 4 1
2 1 2 1
1 1 1
LCM= 3 x 3 x 3 x 2 x 2
LCM= 108
LET’S TRY

Activity

Find the LCM of each pair of numbers.

1. 25 and 30

2. 14 and 4

3. 6 and 28
ACTIVITY
TIME NA!!!
Thank you!
Editable
Icons
Credits
Presentation Template: SlidesMania

Images: Unsplash

Please keep this slide or mention us and the other


resources used in the footer of a slide.
Free themes and templates for Google Slides or
PowerPoint
Sharing is caring!

You might also like