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Industrial Layout: Ahmed Masood

The document discusses factors to consider when determining an optimal industrial layout and design. Key factors include ease of expansion, smooth material flow through the production process, efficient materials handling, maximizing space utilization, and facilitating communication and employee well-being. Product layout arranges machines sequentially to optimize the flow of a product through production. While requiring less space, product layout allows for continuous production but lacks flexibility and balancing production across multiple product lines can be challenging.

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52 views9 pages

Industrial Layout: Ahmed Masood

The document discusses factors to consider when determining an optimal industrial layout and design. Key factors include ease of expansion, smooth material flow through the production process, efficient materials handling, maximizing space utilization, and facilitating communication and employee well-being. Product layout arranges machines sequentially to optimize the flow of a product through production. While requiring less space, product layout allows for continuous production but lacks flexibility and balancing production across multiple product lines can be challenging.

Uploaded by

Kehkashan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INDUSTRIAL

LAYOUT
Ahmed Masood
FACTORS IN DETERMINING LAYOUT AND DESIGN

◦ Ease of future expansion or change—Facilities should be designed so that they can be easily expanded
or adjusted to meet changing production needs.  Their goal is to minimize changeover or setup times for
producing the different products while still achieving close to assembly line (single-product) production
rates.
◦ Flow of movement—The facility design should reflect a recognition of the importance of smooth
process flow. Bottlenecks, congestion points and back tracking should be removed by proper line
balancing techniques.
◦ Materials handling—Small business owners should make certain that the facility layout makes it
possible to handle materials (products, equipment, containers, etc.) in an orderly, efficient—and
preferably simple—manner.
Factors to be considered
◦ Space utilization—This aspect of facility design includes everything from making sure that traffic lanes
are wide enough to making certain that inventory storage warehouses or rooms utilize as much vertical
space as possible.
◦ Shipping and receiving
◦ Ease of communication and support—Facilities should be laid out so that communication within
various areas of the business and interactions with vendors and customers can be done in an easy and
effective manner.
◦ Working places-safe, well ventilated and free from dust, noise, fumes, odours, and other hazardous
conditions decidedly increase the operating efficiency of the workers and improve their morale.
Challenges in Process layout
(1) For the same amount of production, process layout
needs more space.
(2) Automatic material handling is extremely difficult.
(3) More material-in-process remains in queue for
further operations.
(4) Completion of same product takes more time.
(5) Work-in-process inventory is large.
(6) Production control becomes difficult.
Product layout
It is also known as line (type) layout.
It implies that various operations on raw
material are per­formed in a sequence and the
machines are placed along the product flow
line, i.e., machines are arranged in the sequence
in which the raw material will be operated
upon.
This type of layout is preferred for continuous
production, i.e., involving a continuous flow of
in-process material towards the finished
product stage.
Product order
◦ Raw material from the store is fed to three lines X, Y
and Z. Material in X line gets processed on machines
D,E,F and G and meets material of Y line.
◦ Products of X and Y lines are assembled at W and get
processed on machines H and I till another part comes
from Z line and assembles with the main product at V.
◦ Worked on machines M, N, O and P and goes to the
stock room. (The inspection phase has not been
shown in the layout).
Advantages Disadvantages

◦ (1) Less space requirements for the same ◦ (1) Since the specified product determines the layout, a
volume of production. change in product involves major changes in layout and thus
the layout flexibility is considerably reduced.
◦ (2) Automatic material handling, lesser ◦ (2) The pace or rate of working depends upon the output rate
material handling movements, times and costs. of the slowest machine. This involves excessive idle time for
other machines if the production line is not adequately
◦ (3) Less in-process inventory. balanced.
◦ (4) Product completes in lesser time. ◦ (3) Machines being scattered along the line, more machines of
each type have to be purchased for keeping a few as stand by
◦ (5) Better co-ordination and simple production
◦ (4) Though it involves less supervision as compared to
planning and control. process layout, sometimes it (inspection) becomes difficult
◦ (6) Smooth and continuous work flow. when one inspector has to look after many (say all welding)
machines in two or more production lines.
◦ (7) Less skilled workers may serve the purpose. ◦ (5) It is difficult to increase production beyond the capacities
of the production lines.

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