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Lesson 2 Volcanic Eruption

The document provides information about volcanic eruptions, including: - Descriptions of Mayon, Taal, and Pinatubo volcanoes in the Philippines and details of their eruptions. - Explanations of volcano classification, volcanic hazards like lava flows and pyroclastic flows, and preparedness signs before an eruption. - Guidelines for evacuation plans, what to do before, during, and after a volcanic eruption, such as preparing supplies, following orders to evacuate, and protecting yourself from ash fall.

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57 views

Lesson 2 Volcanic Eruption

The document provides information about volcanic eruptions, including: - Descriptions of Mayon, Taal, and Pinatubo volcanoes in the Philippines and details of their eruptions. - Explanations of volcano classification, volcanic hazards like lava flows and pyroclastic flows, and preparedness signs before an eruption. - Guidelines for evacuation plans, what to do before, during, and after a volcanic eruption, such as preparing supplies, following orders to evacuate, and protecting yourself from ash fall.

Uploaded by

JB
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 2:

Volcanic Eruption

Marjorie E. Vidal, LPT.


Mayon Volcano

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Mayon Volcanic Eruption
Taal Volcano
Taal Volcanic Eruption
Pinatubo Volcano
Pinatubo Eruption
A School Buried in Lahar
Understanding Volcanic Eruption

Volcano – is a vent on the earth’s surface that opens


downward to a pool of molten rock, debris and gases.

Subduction – when two plates converge.


Subduction Zone – is the place where the two
plates converge and the volcano is formed.
Volcanic Eruption
Classifications of Volcanoes
1. Active Volcano – is currently erupting or is showing
signs of volcanic eruption. Should have erupted
within 600 yrs.
2. Potentially Active Volcano – is one which has
erupted and then entered a long period of inactivity.
3. Inactive Volcano – is one that has not shown any sign
of activity for a long period. Ex. is Mt. Cabalian in
Leyte. No record in the past 1000yrs.
Volcanic Eruption Hazards
Lava Flow – is a mass of magma that flows down the
slope of the volcano at a rate of 3 kilometers per day
(slightly high viscocity) or 45 kilometers per hour (low
viscocity).

Pyroclastic Flow – refers to hot dry masses of


fragmented volcanic materials that move along the slope
and in contact with ground surface at a speed greater
that 60 kilometers per hour.
Pyroclastic Surges – are turbulent low-concentration
density currents of gases, rock debris and in some cases,
water that move above the ground surface at high
velocities.

Tephra Falls – are showers of fine to coarse-grained


volcanic materials and other airborne products of a
volcanic eruption.
Ballistic Projectiles – are rocks that are
released into the air by an erupting volcano.

Volcanic Gas – is one of the basic components of


magma or lava.
Lahar – is a flowing mixture of volcanice
debris and water.

Primary or Hot Lahar – associated


directly with volcanic eruption.

Secondary or Cold Lahar – caused by


heavy rainfall.
Volcanic Eruption Preparedness
1. Increase in the frequency of volcanic quakes with
rumbling sounds; occurrence of volcanic tremors.
2. Increased steaming activity; change in color of steam
emission from white to gray due to entrained ash.
3. Crater glow due to presence of magma at or near the
crater.
4. Ground swells (or inflation), ground tilt and ground
fissuring due to magma intrusion
Volcanic Eruption Preparedness
5. Localized landslides, rockfalls and landslides from
the summit area are not attributable to heavy rains.
6. Noticeable increase in the extent of drying up of
vegetation around the volcano’s upper slopes.

7. Increase in the temperature of hot springs, wells (e.g.


Bulusan and Canlaon) and crater lake (e.g. Taal) near the
volcano.
Volcanic Eruption Preparedness
8. Noticeable variation in the chemical content of
springs and crater lakes within the vicinity of the
volcano.

9. Drying up of springs/wells around the volcano.

10. Development of new thermal areas and or


reactivation of old ones; appearance of solfataras.
Evacuation Plan

1. Mandatory evacuation in the 6-km radius permanent


zone
2. Forced evacuation in the high-risk zone
3. Pre-emptive evacuation in the eastern seaboard
4. Voluntary evacuation for indirect victims
What To Do Before a Volcanic Eruption
1. Learn about your community’s warning system.
2. Make an evacuation plan.
3. Create an emergency communication plan.
4. Prepare a disaster supply kit.
5. Contact your local emergency management office or
the Red Cross chapter for more information on
volcanoes.
6. Although it may seem safe to stay at home and wait
for the start of an eruption, doing so could be
dangerous.
What To Do During a Volcanic Eruption
1. Listen to a battery-operated radio or television for the
latest emergency information.
2. Follow the evacuation order issued by authorities.
3. Avoid areas downwind and river valleys downstream of
the volcano.
4. If caught indoors:
a. Close all windows, doors and dampers
b. Put all machinery inside a garage or barn.
c. Bring animal and livestock into closed shelters.
What To Do During a Volcanic
Eruption
5. If trapped outdoors, seek shelter indoors.
a. Protect yourself
b. If caught in a rock fall, roll into a ball to
protect your head.
c. If caught near a stream, be aware of
mudflows.
6. Protect yourself during ash fall
a. Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants
b. Use goggles to protect your eyes.
What To Do During a Volcanic
Eruption
c. Use a dust mask or hold a damp cloth over
your face for you to breathe.
d. Keep car or truck engines off.

7. Remember to stay out of the area defined by


government officials as a restricted zone.
8. If possible, stay away from areas of volcanic ash fall.
What To Do During a Volcanic Eruption
9. When outside:
a. Cover your mouth and nose.
b. Wear goggles to protect your eyes.
c. Keep skin covered to avoid irritation from
contact with ash.
d. Clear roofs of ash fall.
e. Exercise great caution when working on a roof.
f. Avoid driving in heavy ash fall.
g. If your have a respiratory ailment, avoid contact
with any amount of ash.

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