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Writing Chapter 3 Research Methodology

This chapter discusses research methodology, including research design, environment, respondents, instruments, data gathering procedures, and statistical treatment of data. It describes the specific procedures used to conduct the study, which allows readers to evaluate the study's validity and reliability. The chapter covers defining key terms, describing different research elements such as sampling techniques and statistical tools, and providing ethical considerations to guide the research.

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Athena Joy Ytang
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340 views

Writing Chapter 3 Research Methodology

This chapter discusses research methodology, including research design, environment, respondents, instruments, data gathering procedures, and statistical treatment of data. It describes the specific procedures used to conduct the study, which allows readers to evaluate the study's validity and reliability. The chapter covers defining key terms, describing different research elements such as sampling techniques and statistical tools, and providing ethical considerations to guide the research.

Uploaded by

Athena Joy Ytang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 3:

RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
DEFINITION

PARTS AND DIFFERENCE

WRITE UP ACTIVITY
RESEARCH RESEARCH
RESEARCH
ENVIRONMENT RESPONDENTS
CHAPTER 3

DESIGN

DATA STATISTICAL
RESEARCH
GATHERING TREATMENT
INSTRUMENT
PROCEDURES OF DATA
What is Research Methodology?
is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select,
process, and analyze information about a topic. 

allows the reader to critically evaluate a study's overall validity


and reliability.

This chapter shows how the problem will be investigated and


discusses the following elements: research design; research
environment; research respondents; research instrument; data
gathering procedures; statistical treatment of data.
RESEARCH DESIGN

It is a very important aspect of research


methodology which describes the research mode
(whether its qualitative or quantitative research) or
if the researcher will use a specific research type
like descriptive, case or experimental.
***Please visit pages 136-143 (CHAPTER 15) to review quantitative research designs.
RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT
The research setting refers to the setting/
area where the data are collected.

The venue of the research or study.

It includes the map (kindly present it in the


Appendix C)
RESEARCH RESPONDENTS

Respondents, or the sample, are those people


(from a population) who have been invited to
represent and participate in a particular study and
have actually taken part in the study.
Probability Sampling
- Simple random sampling

Stratified random sampling


KINDS OF SAMPLING
Cluster sampling

Systematic sampling
Non - probability Sampling

Convenience Sampling
KINDS OF SAMPLING
Quota Sampling

Purposive Sampling
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

It could be an interview guide questionnaire;


standardized questionnaires or tools and
materials (e.g. observation checklist) you use
in completing the study.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES
The step by step procedure of gathering the data done by the
researchers from the beginning until the end.
It includes:
PHASE 1: Gaining Access
PHASE 2: Data Collection
PHASE 3: Data Aggregation
STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

It is the culmination of the long process of formulating the


hypothesis, constructing the instrument, and collecting the
data.
It is used to primarily test the hypothesis, answer the research
questions, and present the results of the study in a clear and
understandable manner.
Please visit CHAPTER 19 of your E-book (pages 179-185) for more information.
COMMON STATISTICAL TOOLS
Descriptive Statistics Inferential Statistics
a. Frequency Distribution a. Parametric tests (T-test, Z-test, F-
b. Proportion test, Pearson –r , Simple linear
regression analysis, multiple
c. Percentage regression analysis)
d. Central Tendencies (Mode, b. Non- parametric tests (Chi-square,
Median, Mean) Spearman’s correlation)
e. Variability (Range, Ave. deviation,
Variance, Standard deviation)
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Basically, ethical consideration guides the researchers in designing and conducting their own study.
Bryman and Bell (2007) presented the following points that represent the most important principles related
to ethical considerations:

-In any ways, research respondents should not be subjected to harm during and after the study.
-Respect for the dignity of the research respondent should be prioritized.
-Full consent should be obtained from them prior to the study.
-The protection of the privacy of research respondents has to be ensured.
-Adequate level of confidentiality of the research data should be ensured.
-Anonymity of individuals and organizations participating in the research has to be safeguarded.
-Any deception or exaggeration about the aims and objectives of the research must be avoided.
-Affiliations in any forms, sources of funding, as well as any possible conflicts of interests have to be
declared.
-Honesty and transparency should be done in any type of communication in relation to the research.
-Any type of misleading information, as well as representation of primary data findings in a biased way
must be avoided.
Simply, these principles include voluntary participation, informed consent, anonymity, confidentiality,
potential for harm, and results communication.
Kindly start crafting your
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY.

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