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Doppler Effect: On The Coloured Light of The Binary Stars and Some Other Stars of The Heavens

Doppler effect was first proposed by Austrian physicist Christian Doppler in 1842 to explain the change in frequency of waves observed when the source of the waves is moving relative to the observer. The Doppler effect causes the observed frequency of waves to increase if the source is moving towards the observer, and decrease if the source is moving away. This effect applies to all types of waves, including sound waves, water waves, and light waves. The Doppler effect is now used in many applications such as radar guns, ultrasound, weather monitoring, and satellite communication.

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harshit tiwari
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134 views

Doppler Effect: On The Coloured Light of The Binary Stars and Some Other Stars of The Heavens

Doppler effect was first proposed by Austrian physicist Christian Doppler in 1842 to explain the change in frequency of waves observed when the source of the waves is moving relative to the observer. The Doppler effect causes the observed frequency of waves to increase if the source is moving towards the observer, and decrease if the source is moving away. This effect applies to all types of waves, including sound waves, water waves, and light waves. The Doppler effect is now used in many applications such as radar guns, ultrasound, weather monitoring, and satellite communication.

Uploaded by

harshit tiwari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DOPPLER EFFECT

On the coloured light of the binary stars and some other


stars of the heavens
What is Doppler effect?
o Doppler effect explains why the observer
experience a change in frequency when the wave
source approaches or move away from the
observer.
• Doppler effect is the change in frequency for an observer moving relative to the source of wave.

• If the observer approaches towards the source then the observer observe upward shift in frequency.

• If the observer approaches retreat/moves away from the source then observer observe downward shift.

• Doppler effect if the observer and source both moves in the same direction at the same speed, if the
source/receiver is at 90 degree to the receiver/source.

• Doppler effect applies all types of waves sound waves; water waves; light waves.
Doppler effect
◦ Doppler effect was proposed by an Austrian physicist
Christian Johann Doppler in 1842, in his article "
Über das farbige Licht der Doppelsterne und einiger anderer
Gestirne des Himmels
“ (On the coloured light of the binary stars and some other
stars of the heavens).
◦ The hypothesis was first tested in 1845 by Buys Ballot. Later
on same phenomenon was discovered on electromagnetic
waves by French researcher Hippolyte Fizeau in 1848.
Case: I
Stationary source

𝜆=𝜈/ 𝑓  If the source and receiver are at steady state (not moving)., then
there will be no change in frequency.
But if the receiver moves towards the source then the speed of the
wave relative to the observer;
– Wavelength
– Speed
- Frequency Corresponding to the velocity frequency will be f’

if the receiver moves away the


source then the speed of the wave relative to the observer;
Case: II  Now let’ suppose the source(ambulance) is moving towards the
Moving source receiver who is in stationary position; As the source is moving towards
the receiver the generated waveform received by the receiver will be
relatively closer as compare to the previous wave.
Resulting the wave fronts heard by the observer are closer.
- Received wavelength
- Wavelength emitted
t - Time interval
s - Source speed

Δ = -
= -Δ
As Δ is distance traveled,
= - s/f
f =/ Similarly, if the source is moving away from the
f = / - s/f)) receiver then the wavelength of received will
increase and the frequency mathematical represented
f = /- s/f)) f = /s))f by;

f = /s))f
Continue,
By equating the previous equations we get the generalized Doppler effect equation:

This applies to al the four conditions; the sign of and subjected to their relative motion with the receiver and
source respectively.

∆ 𝑓 =2 𝑣 𝑠 / 0 cos ( Θ ) 𝑓 /𝑣
Applications
• Doppler effect found in bats for hunting for their prey. Bats
navigates it’s flight by emitting ultrasonic waves and listening
the echoes.

• Doppler effect is used in ultrasonography by measuring


Doppler shift(change in frequency) it can give the information
about direction of blood flow, air emboli, blood pressure and
etc.

• It is also used in RADARs, to measure the speed of detected


object.
• Meteorologist utilizes the Doppler effect for determining the speed and
direction of the rain, wind direction and etc.

• Satellite communication to determining the distance between satellite


and receiver .

• Noise cancellation sound system.

• Haptic technology.
THANK YOU
-by Harshit Tiwari A012116618003

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