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Expanding The Content of An Outline Using Notes From: Primary and Secondary Sources

This document discusses how to expand an outline using primary and secondary sources. It defines primary sources as original records created by witnesses to events, and secondary sources as documents created by authors who reference primary sources. The document recommends using both primary and secondary sources in research. It also describes the pre-writing, writing, and post-writing stages of writing a paper, and how an expanded outline incorporating research can aid the writing process.

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keziah
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1K views

Expanding The Content of An Outline Using Notes From: Primary and Secondary Sources

This document discusses how to expand an outline using primary and secondary sources. It defines primary sources as original records created by witnesses to events, and secondary sources as documents created by authors who reference primary sources. The document recommends using both primary and secondary sources in research. It also describes the pre-writing, writing, and post-writing stages of writing a paper, and how an expanded outline incorporating research can aid the writing process.

Uploaded by

keziah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Expanding the

Content of an Outline
Using Notes from Primary
and Secondary Sources
(Grade 8 English MELC Q4.2)

Prepared by:
Keziah B. Cabrera
Learning Objectives
define and describe primary sources;
classify primary and secondary sources of
information;
expand the content of an outline using
notes from primary and secondary
sources.
When you do research, you
must gather information and
evidence
from a variety of sources.
Primary sources provide raw
information and first-hand evidence.
Examples include interview
transcripts, statistical data, and works
of art.
A primary source gives you direct
access to the subject of your research.
 Secondary sources provide second-
hand information and commentary
from other researchers.
 Examples include journal articles,
reviews, and academic books.
 A secondary source describes,
interprets, or synthesizes primary
sources
Primary sources are more
credible as evidence, but good
research uses both primary and
secondary sources.
PRIMARY SOURCES
These are original records of the political,
economic, artistic, scientific, social, and
intellectual thoughts and achievements of specific
historical periods.

Produced by the people who participated in and


witnessed the past, primary sources offer a variety
of points of view and perspectives of events,
issues, people, and places.

Can be found any-where—in a home, a


government archive, etc.—the important thing to
remember is they were used or created by
someone with firsthand experience of an event.
Examples of a primary source are:
Original documents such as diaries, speeches,
manuscripts, letters, interviews, records,
eyewitness accounts, autobiographies
Empirical scholarly works such as research
articles, clinical reports, case studies,
dissertations
Creative works such as poetry, music, video,
photography
SECONDARY SOURCES
This type of source is written for a
describe, summarize, or broad audience and will include
discuss information or details definitions of discipline specific
originally presented in another terms, history relating to the topic,
source; meaning the author, in significant theories and principles,
most cases, did not participate and summaries of major
in the event. studies/events as related to the topic.

Use secondary sources to


Refrain from including such
obtain an overview of a
resources in an annotated
topic and/or identify
bibliography for doctoral level
primary resources.
work unless there is a good
reason.
Publications such as textbooks
magazine articles
book reviews
Examples of a
secondary Commentaries
source are: encyclopedias
almanacs
How do Primary
and Secondary
Sources differ?
Primary sources are the original records
created by firsthand witnesses of an
event
Secondary sources are documents,
texts, images, and objects about an event
created by someone who typically
referenced the primary sources for their
information. Textbooks are excellent
examples of secondary sources.
Why is it
important for
students to use
Primary Sources?
Direct engagement with artifacts and records of the past encourages
deeper content exploration, active analysis, and thoughtful response.

Analysis of primary sources helps students develop critical


thinking skills by examining meaning, context, bias, purpose,
point of view, etc.

Primary source analysis fosters learner-led inquiry as students


construct knowledge by interacting with a variety of sources that
represent different accounts of the past.

Students realize that history exists through interpretation that reflects


the viewpoints and biases of those doing the interpreting.
Since writing often involves a complex process it requires an
in-depth research and data analysis. The use of primary and
secondary sources of information can be used as support in
organizing outline, explaining and expanding ideas using an
outline.

Basically, there are three stages in the writing process:

Pre-writing Stage Writing Stage Post writing Stage


Pre-writing stage
is the result of combining steps like
outlining, diagramming, storyboarding,
and clustering or mind mapping.
Here, we start to think about the topic
and purpose of writing.
This aids in deciding what to write
about.
Pre-writing stage
One helpful aid in planning for this stage is using an outline and
expanding its content.
An expanded outline consists of a separate notebook page or
computer- generated page for each topic and subtopic of the
outline.
Research and analysis are entered in the expanded outline
throughout the prewriting stage as material is gathered and
analysis is conducted.
The use of this approach results in the capture and organization
of ideas and material throughout the prewriting stage.
The end result is essentially that a rough draft is developed
during the prewriting stage.
Writing stage
In the Writing stage, you actually begin to
write the stuff you want to write about.
The prewriting will serve as your guide on
what you should and should not write.
Make sure that here, you write the thesis
statement supported with main ideas and
details, as well as the conclusion, using
proper sentence and paragraph structures.
Writing stage
In this stage, the use of an expanded outline
helps simplify complex ideas.
Also, an expanded outline helps overcome
the problem of starting because many of the
beginning steps in writing, such as
organization, are already accomplished .
Post Writing stage
Finally, in the Post writing stage, you need
to make sure that you properly wrote the
topic.
 This stage means to write again.
This would also include editing the message
and remove unnecessary stuff.
You should also check on the flow of ideas,
grammar, spelling, and punctuation when
necessary

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