Introduction To Forensic Chemistry: By: Hapee Venus B. Tenenan, RPH
Introduction To Forensic Chemistry: By: Hapee Venus B. Tenenan, RPH
Forensic Chemistry
By: Hapee Venus B. Tenenan, RPh
Objectives
01
Define Forensic
Chemistry and its
02 03
Enumerate Roles Discuss the
development of
04
Discuss the proper
and Practices of a preservation of
relation to crime forensic chemist crime laboratory
detection Forensic Chemistry
related pieces of
evidence
Forensic Chemistry
• branch of chemistry dealing with the application
of chemical principles in providing solution for
crimes
Maintenance of Individuality
GOLDEN Avoid
Take Notes RULES Complicate
in the practice of Forensic d Theories
Chemistry
Consult Use
Others Imaginatio
n
Development of Scientific
Crime Laboratory
1829
•Massacre case in Chicago 1884
resulted to the formation of • Gov. Gen. Joaquin Javellar
the first scientific crime created committee to study
laboratory mineral waters of Luzon
• used the knowledge in • appointed Anacleto del
forensic ballistics Rosario as chemist
1876 1887
•creation of Medicos Titulares •establishment of Laboratorio
in Spain Municipal de Manila
• a Forensic Physician was • function is to make analysis
assigned in every province on food, water, legal
•perform public sanitary duties medicine, and specimen for
and medico-legal clinical purpose
1894
• establishment of Laboratorio
Medico-Legal
•under the judicial branch 1896
•directed by a physician •Philippine Revolution
assisted by pharmacist- • paralysis of advancement in
chemist scientific laboratories
1895 1899
•establishment of a clinical •establishment of the first
laboratory by Antonio Luna scientific laboratory along the
• function is to do original banks of Pasig River
works in chemistry • operation supervised by the
U.S. army
1924
• Department of Legal
1901 Medicine became a branch
• actual scientific work started of the Department of Justice
• initiative of Dean C. through Act No. 3043
Worcester by virtue of Act • became an integral part of
No. 156 approved by Civil the University of the
Commission Philippines
1915
• creation of the Department
of Legal Medicine in the
College of Medicine and
Law
• took charge of the courses of
legal medicines and related
1937
• establishment of the Division
of Investigation under the
Commonwealth Act No. 181
• equipped with two medico- Present
legal officers and a chemist • Four distinct laboratories in
• started creation of scientific the Philippines performing
crime detection laboratory forensic chemical analyses
1945
• National Bureau of
Investigations (NBI) was
organized with the Division
of Investigation as the
nucleus
• the chemical laboratory of the
Medico-Legal Section
became the Forensic
Chemistry Division
Forensic Chemistry
Laboratories in the
Philippines
Forensic Chemistry Division of the NBI
Job Description laboratory in the police organization which laboratory in the hospital which analyzes
specializes in analysis of physical evidence blood, urine, and stool among others
Primary reasons
improper packing of specimen
failure to identify specimen
improper precautions used in transmitting the specimen
improper preservation
lack of precaution to prevent tampering of the specimen
Human error
investigator is so much occupied with the investigation that he has
no time to take proper care of the specimen
Proper Preservation and Safekeeping of Evidence
Testimonial Evidence
an expert called on the witness stand to answer all questions
propounded by both parties in the case
Documentary Evidence
Written evidence presented by an expert in court which is relevant to
the subject matter in dispute and not excluded by rules of court
Witness
Witness
a person who testifies in court
gives information concerning an incident or a
person
may be a victim, a complainant, an accuser, a
source of information, or an observer of an
incident
can be an ordinary or an expert witness
Ordinary Witness
one who states facts and may not express his opinions or
conclusion
must have the following qualifications
must have the organ and power to perceive
perception gathered by his organ can be imparted to others
Expert Witness
provides opinion regarding a question in science, art, or trade where
he is skilled
includes special knowledge not generally known to men of ordinary
education and experience
must have the following qualifications
degree of learning of the witness
basis and logic of his conclusions
proof of case
Ordinary Witness Expert Witness
can only state what his senses perceived state what he has perceived and also give his
opinion, deductions, or conclusions base on his
perception
may not be skilled on the line he is testifying must be skilled in the art, science, or trade he is
testifying
can not testify on things or fact he has not testify on things which he has not seen by
perceived giving his opinions, deductions, or conclusions
on the statement of facts
Probative Value of Expert Testimony
depending on the case, the court may or may not be
bounded by the testimony of an expert witness
if within the general knowledge of the judge, the
decision is not bounded by the testimony
otherwise, the court must depend on the
examination of an expert
Thank you
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