CPM

Sunil kadam
Floats
• Floats means amount of time by which the completion of an
activity can be delayed without delaying the total project
completion time.
• For critical path
• EST=LST and EFT=LFT
• It means we can not delay either start of finish of a critical
activity. Hence there is NO float for critical activity.
• Hence float exists for only Non-Critical Activities
Types of Floats
• Total float: It is the amount of time by which the
completion of an activity can be delayed beyond
the earliest possible finishing time without affecting
total project completion time.
• Total float=(LST-EST) or (LFT-EFT)
• =Lj - Ei - tij
Free float
• It is the amount of time by which the completion of an activity can be
delayed beyond the earliest finishing time without affecting the earliest
possible start of a subsequent activity.
• Free float= Earliest starting time of subsequent activity – Earliest
finishing time of activity ij
• = E j - ( E i+ t ij )
• =( E j - E i ) – t ij
•
Independent float
• It is the amount of time by which the start of an activity can
be delayed without affecting earliest start of subsequent
activity assuming that the preceding activity has finished at
its latest finishing time.
• Independent float =Earliest starting time of subsequent
activity – Latest finishing time preceding activity – t ij
• =( E j - L i ) – t ij
Interfering float

• It is part of total float which reduces the float of a

subsequent activity . It is the amount of time by
which the earliest possible start of a subsequent
activity will be delayed if activity ij finishes on
latest finishing time.
• Interfering float= Latest finishing time of activity
ij – Earliest starting time of subsequent activity
Draw network diagram
Find critical path and project completion time.
Find earliest and latest starting and finishing times of each activity.
Find total float , free float , independent float and interfering float for each
activity.
Find head slack and tail slack of each activity.
Activity Time (days)
A (1-2) 3
B (1-3) 4
C (1-4) 6
D (2-5) 5
E (3-6) 6
F (4-7) 5
G (5-8) 4
H (6-8) 7
I (7-8) 4
Network diagram
Earliest & Latest Starting Finishing Time

Activity EST= Ei EFT= ES + tij LST= LF – tij LFT=Lj

A (1-2) E1=0 0+3=3 8-3=5 L2=8
B (1-3) E1=0 0+4=4 4-4=0 L3=4
C (1-4) E1=0 0+6=6 8-6=2 L4=8
D (2-5) E2 = 3 3+5=8 13-5=8 L5=13
E (3-6) E3 =4 4+6=10 10-6=4 L6=10
F (4-7) E4 =6 6+5=11 13-5=8 L7=13
G (5-8) E5=8 8+4=12 17-4=13 L8=17
H (6-8) E6=10 10+7=17 17-7=10 L8=17
I (7-8) E7=11 11+4=15 17-4=13 L8=17
Floats
Activity ij Total Float=Lj-Ei- Free float=Ej-Ei-tij Independent float = Interfering
tij Ej-Li-tij float=Lj-Ei
A (1-2) 8-0-3=5 3-0-3=0 3-0-3=0 8-3=5

B (1-3) 4-0-4=0 4-0-4=0 4-0-4=0 4-4=0

C (1-4) 8-0-6=2 6-0-6=0 6-0-6=0 8-6=2

D (2-5) 13-3-5=5 8-3-5=0 8-8-5=-5 13-8=5

E (3-6) 10-4-6=0 10-4-6=0 10-4-6=0 10-10=0

F (4-7) 13-6-5=2 11-6-5=0 11-8-5=-2 13-11

G (5-8) 17-8-4=5 17-8-4=5 17-13-4=0 17-17=0

H (6-8) 17-10-7=0 17-10-7=0 17-10-7=0 17-17=0

I (7-8) 17-11-4=2 17-11-4=2 17-13-4=0 17-17=0

Slacks
• Every activity has a tail event and a head event .. Slack is associated
with an event . Slack of an event is the amount of time by which an
event can be delayed beyond its earliest occurrence time without
affecting total project completion time.
• Slack of an event= Latest occurrence time of an event – Earliest
occurrence time of an event
• i= tail event
• Tail slack = =L i - E i
• j= Head event
slacks
Activity ij Tail slack = Li-Ei Head slack = Lj-Ej
A (1-2) 0-0=0 8-3=5

B (1-3) 0-0=0 4-4=0

C (1-4) 0-0=0 8-6=2

D (2-5) 8-3=5 13-8=5

E (3-6) 4-4=0 10-10=0

F (4-7) 8-6=2 13-11=2

G (5-8) 13-8=5 17-17=0

H (6-8) 10-10=0 17-17=0

I (7-8) 13-11=2 17-17=0

Ex 2: A small assembly plant assembles PC’s through 9
interlinked activities .
1. Draw a Network diagram for it.
2. Calculate and Tabulate for each activity: ES,EF,LS & LF
3. Find Critical and sub critical paths.
4. Calculate and Tabulate Total float, free float ,interfering float
and Independent float
5. Calculate slack for each activity
Activit 1-2 1-3 1-4 2-5 3-6 3-7 4-6 5-8 6-9 7-8 8-9
y
Time 2 2 1 4 8 5 3 1 5 4 3
ES LS EF LF
Activity EST= Ei EFT= ES + tij LST= LF – tij LFT=Lj
1-2 E1=0 0+2=2 7-2=5 L2=7
1-3 E1=0 0+2=2 2-2=0 L3=2
1-4 E1=0 0+1=1 7-1=6 L4=7
2-5 E2 = 2 2+4=6 11-4=7 L5=11
3-6 E3 =2 2+8=10 10-8=2 L6=10
3-7 E3 =2 2+5=7 8-5=3 L7=8
4-6 E4=1 1+3=4 10-3=7 L6=10
5-8 E5=6 6+1=7 12-1=11 L8=12
6-9 E6=10 10+5=15 15-5=10 L9=15
7-8 E7=7 7+4=11 12-4=8 L8=12
8-9 E8=11 11+3=14 15-3=12 L8=15
Floats
Activity ij Total Float=Lj-Ei- Free float=Ej-Ei-tij Independent float = Interfering
tij Ej-Li-tij float=Lj-Ei
1-2 5-0=5 5-5=0 0-0=0 5
1-3 0-0=0 0-0=0 0-0=0 0
1-4 6-0=6 6-6=0 0-0=0 6
2-5 7-2=5 5-5=0 0-5=-5 5
3-6 2-2=0 0-0=0 0-0=0 0
3-7 3-2=1 1-1=0 0-0=0 1
4-6 7-1=6 6-=6 6-6=0 0
5-8 11-6=5 5-1=4 4-5=-1 1
6-9 10-10=0 0-0=0 0-0=0 0
7-8 8-7=1 1-1=0 0-1=-1 1
8-9 12-11=1 1-0=1 1-1=0 0
slacks
Activity ij Tail slack = Li-Ei Head slack = Lj-Ej
1-2 0-0=0 7-2=5
1-3 0-0=0 2-2=0
1-4 0-0=0 7-1=6
2-5 7-2=5 11-6=5
3-6 2-2=0 10-10=0
3-7 2-2=0 8-7=1
4-6 7-1=6 10-10=0
5-8 11-6=5 12-11=1
6-9 10-10=0 15-15=0
7-8 8-7=1 12-11=1
8-9 12-11=1 15-15=0
Ex 4 :A small project consists of following 8 activities
1. Draw a Network diagram for it.
2. Calculate and Tabulate for each activity: ES,EF,LS & LF
3. Find Critical and sub critical paths.
4. Calculate Total float of all activities

Activity Preceding Activity Time

A - 20
B A 25
C A 5
D B 15
E C 30
F D 35
G E 5
H F,G 2
University exam Question 1
University exam Question 2