MALADAPTIVE

BEHAVIORAL
PATTERNS
CASUAL FACTORS
MONICA K. DALENA
 • Neurosis refers to a class of functional
mental disorder involving distress but not
delusions or hallucinations, where behavior is
not outside socially acceptable norms. It is
also known as psychoneurosis or neurotic
disorder.

• One of the big five model personality traits

that is studied within psychology, it usually is
connected with the tendency to feel
NEGATIVE EMOTIONS such as; ANGER or
ANXIETY and sometimes is referred to as
EMOTIONAL INSTABILITY.
• ANXIETY
• WORRY
• ANGER
• FRUSTRATION
• ENVY
• JELOUSY
• FEAR
• GUILT
• LONELINESS
• DEPRESSED MOOD
NATURE OF NEUROSIS
EMOTIONAL INSTABILITY
PANICKING IN NON-THREATENING
SITUATION
REACTING NEGATIVELY TO EVENTS THAT ARE
NEUTRAL
ENVY
MINOR EVENTS CAN CAUSE EXCESSIVE LEVEL OF SADNESS
RELATIONSHIP PROBLEMS
TAKING CARE OF YOURSELF CAN BE DIFFICULT
STRUGGLE TO GET ON WITH OTHERS AT WORK
DEPENDENCY
OBSESSIVE THINKING
UNJUSTIFIED FEELING OF
GUILT
MINOR EVERYDAY INCOVENIENCES
ROAD RAGE
DAY TO DAY IRRITABILITY
A NEED FOR PERFECTION
BEING FULLY AWARE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PEROBLEMS
DRAMA AND ATTENTION SEEKING
If you suspect that you have signs
of neuroticism or you know that
someone does, it’s always best to
seek professional help to try to
come up with the treatment plan
that’s best or you.
What Is Psychosomatic Illness?
• Psychosomatic disorder is a psychological condition involving the occurrence of physical
symptoms, usually lacking a medical explanation. People with this condition may have
excessive thoughts, feelings or concerns about the symptoms — which affects their ability to
function well.

• People with psychosomatic disorder usually don’t report overt symptoms of psychiatric
distress. Instead, they believe their problems are caused by medical conditions. They tend to
visit healthcare providers frequently to get tests and treatments, often not receiving a
diagnosis, which may lead to frustration and distress.

• Psychosomatic disorder is sometimes called somatic symptom disorder, somatic symptoms

or somatic pain.
Who might have somatic symptoms?
•Anyone can have somatic symptoms at any age.
•Studies have found that certain things may make people more likely to
have somatic symptoms:
•Chaotic lifestyle.
•Difficulty recognizing and expressing emotions.
•Childhood neglect.
•History of sexual abuse.
•Other psychological conditions, such as depression or personality
disorders.
•Substance abuse (such as alcoholism or drug addiction).
•Unemployment.
How common is somatic symptom disorder?
•Somatic symptom disorder is common, occurring in about 5% to 7%
of the general population. For reasons that are not understood,
women have somatic pain about 10 times more often than men.
•People with somatic symptoms often seek frequent medical attention
for tests and treatments. They tend to become increasingly worried or
anxious. It’s important to know that somatic symptom disorder is not
the same as “faking it” or exaggerating symptoms. They're real and
distressing symptoms — the origin just happens to be psychological
instead of medical.
Somatoform disorders may include the following:
Somatization Disorder: A disorder in which a person experiences physical complaints such as
diarrhea, headaches, premature ejaculation, or ones that do not have a physical cause.
Conversion Disorder: A disorder in which a person experiences neurological symptoms
affecting their movement and senses which do not seem to have a physical cause. Symptoms may
include blindness, seizures, or paralysis.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder: An obsession or preoccupation with an imaginary or minor flaw
such as wrinkles, small breasts, or the size or shape of another part of the person's body. Body
dysmorphic disorder causes severe anxiety and might impact a person's ability to function as
usual in their daily life.
Hypochondriasis: A fixation or obsession with the fear of having a serious form of disease.
People with hypochondriasis misconstrue usual body functions or minor symptoms as being
serious or even life-threatening. A person; for example, with hypochondriasis might become
convinced that they have colon cancer when experiencing temporary flatulence after consuming
cabbage.
How can psychosomatic disorder affect one’s body?
Psychosomatic disorder can affect almost any part of the body. Common examples include:
• Fatigue
• Insomnia
• Aches and pains, such as muscle pain or back pain.
• High blood pressure (hypertension).
• Trouble breathing (dyspnea, or shortness of breath).
• Indigestion (upset stomach).
• Headaches and migraines.
• Erectile dysfunction (impotence).
• Skin rash (dermatitis).
• Stomach ulcers (peptic ulcer disease).
What causes psychosomatic symptoms?

• Scientists aren’t sure. Some believe that

stress releases hormones and chemicals in
the body that cause damage or dysfunction.
How can someone prevent psychosomatic disorder?
•Strategies to reduce and manage stress may help you prevent or lessen somatic symptoms.
Examples include:
•Be realistic about what you can and can’t control.
•Exercise regularly.
•Get enough sleep.
•Journal to increase awareness of your thoughts and feelings.
•Limit alcohol and avoid smoking.
•Maintain a healthy diet and weight.
•Meditate or practice progressive muscle relaxation.
•Seek support from loved ones.
•Set limits to reduce pressure on yourself.
 If you have long-lasting, unexplained
symptoms, talk to your healthcare provider.
Behavioral therapies and lifestyle changes
can help. They can also prevent unnecessary
tests and treatments.
Schizophrenia is a brain illness. It create things in our minds
like hallucinations: which is seeing, hearing, feeling, tasting
things that aren’t there.
HALLUCINATIONS
DELUSION
DISORGANIZED THINKING
NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS
What Are the Different Types of
Schizophrenia?
•Paranoid Schizophrenia
•Hebephrenic Schizophrenia
•Residual Schizophrenia
•Catatonic Schizophrenia
•Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
•Related Disorders
Paranoid Schizophrenia
•This schizophrenia subtype is the one most often
depicted in the media, and most likely what
comes to mind when people think of
schizophrenia.
•Delusions (fixed, false beliefs that conflict with
reality) are a hallmark of paranoid schizophrenia.
Hallucinations, particularly auditory ("hearing
voices"), are also common.
•Paranoid schizophrenia primarily involves
positive symptoms, meaning the onset of traits,
feelings, or behaviors that were not there
before.
Hebephrenic Schizophrenia
Also known as disorganized schizophrenia

Symptoms
• Disorganized speech
• Disorganized behavior
• Flat or inappropriate affect
Residual Schizophrenia
They do have negative symptoms, and/or two or more diagnostic symptoms of
schizophrenia, but in a milder form, such:
Symptoms
•Blunted affect (difficulty expressing emotions, diminished facial expressions and
expressive gestures)
•Odd beliefs
•Unusual perceptions
•Social withdrawal 
Catatonic Schizophrenia
• A person with catatonic schizophrenia meets the criteria for a
diagnosis of schizophrenia and also exhibits symptoms of catatonia.

• Catatonia affects both speech and behavior and is defined by

excessive movement (excited catatonia) or decreased movement
(retarded catatonia).
Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
• A person with
undifferentiated
schizophrenia has
symptoms that fit
with a diagnosis of
schizophrenia but do
not give an overall
picture of a paranoid
type, catatonic type,
or disorganized type.
Related Disorders
• Schizoaffective Disorder
Schizoaffective disorder has features of schizophrenia and features of a mood disorder,
either major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder.
• Delusional Disorder
Delusional disorder is a form of psychosis in which a person has fixed, false beliefs.
• Brief Psychotic Disorder
Brief psychotic disorder is an episode of psychotic behavior with a sudden onset. It lasts less
than a month. Afterward, the person goes into complete remission. However, it is possible to
have another psychotic episode in the future.
• Schizophreniform Disorder
With schizophreniform disorder, a person exhibits the symptoms of schizophrenia, but the
condition lasts less than six months.
• Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder involves someone having odd beliefs, perceptions, and
behavior. They may be suspicious or paranoid of others and have limited relationships.
 There's no sure way to prevent
schizophrenia, but sticking with the
treatment plan can help prevent
relapses or worsening of symptoms.
In addition, researchers hope that
learning more about risk factors for
schizophrenia may lead to earlier
diagnosis and treatment.