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Fungi

Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that can be filamentous, branched, spore-forming, and multicellular or unicellular. They reproduce both sexually and asexually. The vegetative structure is called a thallus made of hyphae that can join together to form a mycelium. There are several kingdoms of fungi including Chromista, Fungi, and Protista. Major phyla include Oomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota. Fungi play important roles in industries like brewing and cheesemaking but some cause diseases in plants and humans.

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Fatima Socorro Portillano
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58 views20 pages

Fungi

Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that can be filamentous, branched, spore-forming, and multicellular or unicellular. They reproduce both sexually and asexually. The vegetative structure is called a thallus made of hyphae that can join together to form a mycelium. There are several kingdoms of fungi including Chromista, Fungi, and Protista. Major phyla include Oomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota. Fungi play important roles in industries like brewing and cheesemaking but some cause diseases in plants and humans.

Uploaded by

Fatima Socorro Portillano
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FUNGI

General Characteristics
 Filamentous and branched mycelium
 Spore-forming
 Septated or non-septated
 Eukaryotic, non-chlorophyll-bearing
 Reproduce sexually and asexually
 Unicellular or multicellular

 
General Characteristics
 Spore-bearing
 
Structure of Fungi:
• The vegetative structure is the thallus; long
filaments of cells joined together called hyphae
• When environment favors, the hyphae grow,
entertwine and form a mass called mycelium
• Fungi reproduce mainly by spores. A spore is a
specialized propagative body which functions in
multiplication, dissemination or tiding over adverse
conditions

» Mycorrhiza
Fungal Classification:
1. Kingdom Chromista (Stramenopila)
Phylum Oomycota
Phylum Hypochytridiomycota
Phylum Labyrinthulomycota
2. Kingdom Fungi (True Fungi)
Phylum Chytridiomycota
Phylum Zygomycota
Phylum Ascomycota
Phylum Basidiomycota
Fungal Classification:

3. Kingdom Protista (Protozoa)


Phylum Plasmodiophoromycota
Phylum Dictyosteliomycota
Phylum Acrasiomycota
Phylum Myxomycota
PHYLUM OOMYCOTA
 most members are aquatic; watermolds
 produce sexual spores called oospores
 produce asexual spores called zoospores
(flagellated)
ex. Phytophthora infestans – late blight of potatoes
PHYLUM ZYGOMYCOTA (bread molds)
 reproduced sexually and asexually:
sexual spores – zygospores
asexual spores - sporangiospores
 hyphae are coenocytic (non-segmented)
ex. Rhizopus stolonifer
PHYLUM ZYGOMYCOTA

ex. Choanephora cucurbitarum


(soft rot of squash)
PHYLUM ASCOMYCOTA (sac fungi)
 very diverse: from unicellular yeasts to
powdery mildews, molds and to large and
complex cup fungi

 reproduce sexually and asexually: fruiting


body is the ascus which produce sexual
spores called ascospores; asexual spores
are the conidia
PHYLUM ASCOMYCOTA (sac fungi)
 Types of fruiting bodies:
1.Perithecium – flask-like containing asci w/
ascospores
ex. Phyllachora cinnamomi
PHYLUM ASCOMYCOTA (sac fungi)
 Types of fruiting bodies:
2. Cleistothecium – completely close, spherical
containing asci with ascospores
ex. Uncinula necator (powdery mildew)
PHYLUM ASCOMYCOTA (sac fungi)
 Types of fruiting bodies:
3. Apothecium – cup-like with asci
containing ascospores
ex. Peziza sp.
BENEFICIAL MEMBERS

1.Saccharomyces (yeasts) – used in


brewing and baking
2. Aspergillus sp. – produced citric acid, soy
sauce and vinegar
3. Penicillium species:
P. italicum and P. chrysogenum – source
of penicillin (antibiotic)
P. camemberti and P. roqueforti - cheese
HARMFUL MEMBERS
Some species of Aspergillus produce the toxin
aflatoxin, w/c is detrimental to plant, human
and animal health
PHYLUM BASIDIOMYCOTA (club fungi)
 common mushroom, puffballs and other
fleshy fungi; parasitic rusts and smut fungi
 the fruiting body is callled the basidium w/c
produce the sexual spores called
basidiospores
PHYLUM BASIDIOMYCOTA (club fungi)
 common mushroom, puffballs and other
fleshy fungi; parasitic rusts and smut fungi
IMPORTANT MEMBERS:
 Edible mushroom: Volvariella,
Agaricus, Auricularia, Pleurotus,
Termitomyces , Calocybe indica
 Poisonous mushroom: Amanita sp.
 Plant Pathogenic: rusts, smuts, root rots,
etc.
SOME GENERA OF FUNGAL PATHOGENS:

Olpidium Physoderma
Synchytrium Mucor
RhizopusChoanephora
Colletotrichum Phyllachora
Capnodium Ustilago
Puccinia Uromyces
Cercospora Stenocarpella
Curvularia Sclerotium
CONTROL OF FUNGAL DISEASES:

1.Sanitation in the field and after harvest


2.Rouging of diseased plants early in the
season
3.Use of resistant cultivars
4.Crop rotation if the pathogen has a limited
host range
5.Hot water treatment
6.Use of antagonists of plant pathogens
7.Control of insects and other vectors
8.Use of chemicals only when absolutely
necessary

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