Scribd
Upload
39 views

Revision: Compressibility and Incompressibility

Gases are highly compressible while liquids are incompressible. Fluids whose density remains constant throughout flow are considered incompressible, while those with varying density are compressible. Laminar flow occurs when fluid layers move in parallel streams, while turbulent flow is characterized by intersecting streamlines. The continuity equation states that the flow rate into a system must equal the flow rate out. Bernoulli's equation describes the conservation of mechanical energy in fluid flow between two points by equating pressure, potential, and kinetic energy terms.

Uploaded by

يوميات عبدالله
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
39 views

Revision: Compressibility and Incompressibility

Gases are highly compressible while liquids are incompressible. Fluids whose density remains constant throughout flow are considered incompressible, while those with varying density are compressible. Laminar flow occurs when fluid layers move in parallel streams, while turbulent flow is characterized by intersecting streamlines. The continuity equation states that the flow rate into a system must equal the flow rate out. Bernoulli's equation describes the conservation of mechanical energy in fluid flow between two points by equating pressure, potential, and kinetic energy terms.

Uploaded by

يوميات عبدالله
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

Revision

Compressibility and Incompressibility


.Compressibility: refers to whether its volume can easily be increased or decreased •
.Gases are highly compressible while liquids are incompressible •

If the density of the fluid is constant (ρ = constant) everywhere through the flow , it is •
.called incompressible ,and it is called compressible if the density is not fixed

The viscosity is the frictional forces originated inside the fluids and which is considered as •
.the resistance of flow
.Nonviscous fluid when the frictional forces are neglected •
Types of Flow
Consider that fluid consists of laminar or layers, so• •
we can represent each layer by line called a
.streamline
Streamline describes the flow of the fluid and its• •
direction
Types of Flow
Laminar Flow: the speed of flow is low and the •
streamlines of flow are parallel
Types of Flow
Turbulent Flow: the speed of flow is high and the •
streamlines intersect each other
Q in = Q out

The volume of water flowing through the hose per unit time
or the flow rate (Q) at the left must be equal to the flow rate
at the right, Or in fact anywhere along the hose
The flow rate is measured in the units of volume per unit time, m3/s •
The flow rate at any point in the hose is equal to (the area of the hose at that point) times •
(the speed with which the fluid is moving.) [Q=Av]
Consider a fluid is flowing in a tube as shown in figure above , where the radius of the tube is •
:decreasing , thus a certain point at the tube the fluid flow rate is

:Take A=πr2, so the continuity equation can be rewritten as

This means that the speed of flow increases by decrease of the


.diameter of the tube
Bernoulli's Equation
Bernoulli derived an important equation to describe the •
flow of fluids. This equation is stated that the work done
on a fluid as it flows from one place to another is equal
.to the change in its mechanical energy

:This equation is applicable for


,Incompressible fluids-
,non-viscous fluids (where no energy loss) -
laminar flow, and -
.for steady state flow (when the flow speed at any point is constant with time) -
Example 1
• Water flows through a horizontal pipe with
cross-sectional area of 4m^2 at a speed of
5m/s with a pressure of 300,00Pa at point A.
At point B, the cross-sectional area is 2m^2.
(a) What is the speed of water at point B.
(b) Calculate the pressure at point B?
Example 2
• Water flows through a circular pipe with a
constant radius of 10 cm. The speed and
pressure at point A is 4m/s and 250,00 Pa. (a)
What is the speed of fluid at point B. (b) What
is the pressure at point B which is 10 m higher
than point A.
Example 3
• Calculate the pressure and speed oof water at
point B and C as shown in the figure below?

A1 =3m^2
P1=300000 Pa

m 20

A2 =3m^2 A3 =6m^2
Example 2
• Water flows through a 2.5 cm pipe at115 L/min
and o.15 bar pressure. It vents vertically 1 m
above the pipe. How high will the water shoot
from the vent?
Example 2
• Water is flowing from hole 1cm radius at the
bottom of a closed cylindrical container of 2m
diameter. If the height of the water in the
container is 2 m and the pressure over the
surface of water is 3 atm. calculate how much
time it took until the container became
empty?

You might also like