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PROBLEM SOLVING - Learning and Teaching

Problem solving is a teaching technique that provides students the opportunity to analyze problems by applying their previous knowledge and experiences. It follows systematic steps, collecting pertinent data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and applying solutions more broadly if verified. The process encourages both inductive and deductive reasoning to arrive at valid solutions. While it builds important critical thinking skills, problem solving is limited if students lack relevant background knowledge or cannot independently think through problems.

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Femi
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66 views

PROBLEM SOLVING - Learning and Teaching

Problem solving is a teaching technique that provides students the opportunity to analyze problems by applying their previous knowledge and experiences. It follows systematic steps, collecting pertinent data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and applying solutions more broadly if verified. The process encourages both inductive and deductive reasoning to arrive at valid solutions. While it builds important critical thinking skills, problem solving is limited if students lack relevant background knowledge or cannot independently think through problems.

Uploaded by

Femi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROBLEM SOLVING

Presented By
Femila k
B.Ed Ist year
Roll No: 44
Problem Solving - Definition

 Teaching technique.
 Technique which provides opportunity to the
students to analyse the problem.
 Based on previous knowledge and
experiences .
 Follows systematic steps ; also taking into
account the present means available to them
and find out the most suitable solution.
Steps – problem solving method

Sensing the Collecti


problem data

Formulation
of hypothesis
Testing hypothesis
Applicatio
and drawing
inference generaliz
1.Sensing the Problem

*Cognising the problem


*Without interest no spark
of reasoning.
*Only those problems
which affect us make us
reason.
*Students refuse to think
on facing problems.
*Problems in textbook
may or maynot be
related to their interest.
 Sensitivity to problems depends on one’s felt
needs level of knowledge and experience.
 Motivation on linking background knowledge
to pupil on introductory part is important.
 Problem should be stated in clear and well
defined terms so that the exact nature could
be understood by them.
2.Collection of data pertinent to the
problem
 Needs to formulate the
solution to its next
level.
 Some of the data
needed for solving a
problem may be
known to us and we
recall them easily.
 Need concepts; ideas ;
new facts; principles .
We seek them out and
organize and classify them
in an orderly coherent
manner.
3.Formulation of Hypothesis

 Plausible or tentative
solutions to a problem.
 Depends on inter
relating the facts.
 Insight greatly helps in
formulating verifiable
hypothesis.
Formulation of Hypothesis

 Possession of relevant facts


 Persistent analysis
 Involvement in the problem
 Continued mental effort
 Scientific outlook free from prejudices
4.Testing the selected hypothesis and
drawing inference.
 On solving a problem
many hypothesis are
included.
 But only one valid
solution.
 Verification on one
after another is
needed.
Testing and drawing inference

 The result of testing lead us to found true


satisfactory solution to the problem.
 A hypothesis proved to be true will be
consistent with facts already accepted as
valid and will also be in conformity with new
facts spotted.
5.Application and Generalization

 Verified hypothesis is
applied to problems in
few related situations
to confirm its validity
further.
 It is then generalised to
the extent it serves as a
solution to similar
problems.
Inductive & Deductive

Induction – formulation of
hypotheses from discrete
facts.
Deduction- verification of
hypothesis
Illustration

 Galileo:-
 Air pumps could lift water only upto a height of 33.
 Pascal:-
 Air pump work on atmospheric pressure principle.
it can balance column of only 33ft,.
 Torricelli:-
 Proved atmospheric pressure can balance a
mercury column of 30 inches alone as mercury is
13.6 times heavier than water. This lead to
discovery of mercury barometer.
ADVANTAGES

 Develops solutions to problem by following


systematic procedure.
 Ability to face any problem and self
confidence among students.
 Positive attitude in approaching problems.
 Ability to think independently.
 Self learning and self thinking.
LIMITATIONS
 Only if students have adequate knowledge of
general concepts they can frame hypotheses.
 There is little scope to think and judge
independently.
 Not useful for students with low intelligence.
 It is essential to orient students to know
about the importance of the problems to be
solved and their practical applications in daily
life.

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