Reptile Review #1

Match the type of Reproduction

with its description
Shell is put around egg; eggs are
oviparity
laid and hatch outside mother’s body ____________________

No shell is put around egg; Egg is

retained in mother’s body and
nourishment comes from mother viviparity
_____________________
through placenta; young are born alive

Shell is put around egg; Egg is

retained in mother’s body until
just before hatching or hatches
ovoviviparity
_____________________
inside body; Nourishment comes
from egg not mother
 This green area stores
nitrogen wastes for the
embryo and acts as its
lung

Allantois

The portion of the shell covering the dorsal part of

a turtle is called the ________________
carapace
Thin fan-like membrane that holds the small
intestine in place and divides the turtle’s
coelom into compartments

mesentery

Number of chambers in the heart of all

reptiles except Crocodilians.
3
Crocodiles have 4 like a mammal
Match the organ with its function:
Gall bladder
Stores bile _______________________
Blood vessels that carry blood
back to heart veins
________________
Partly divides ventricle to
septum
prevent blood mixing __________________
esophagus
Carries food to stomach ________________
bridge
Connects plastron & carapace ________________
mesentery
Membrane holding intestine in place ____________
Regulates ion/water balance in
kidneys
blood & tissues ___________________
 This membrane
surrounds the embryo
and the fluid in which
it floats
amnion

Fertilization in reptiles is _________________

Internal

Internal External
Snakes like rattlesnakes and water
moccasins that kill injecting venom with
large movable fangs are called
__________________
vipers

This reptile belongs

in the order
Squamata
_______________
An organism that gets its body heat from its
surroundings is called _______________
Ectothermic

This membrane
surrounds all the other
membranes and
protects the developing
embryo
chorion
This membrane (colored
blue) surrounds the
embryo’s fat-rich food
source
Yolk sac

Multi-purpose cavity at the end of the digestive

system that collects waste from large intestine,
bladder, as well as eggs/sperm.

cloaca
 This organism belongs in
Chelonia
the order ____________
Crocodilia Chelonia Squamata

Part of the circulatory system that carries blood

from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

Pulmonary circulation
Match the organ with its function:
Urinary bladder
Stores urine _______________________
Blood vessels that carry
blood away from heart
arteries
_______________
epididymis
Place where sperm grow tails ______________
Carries sperm from epididymis
to cloaca Vas deferens
________________
trachea
Ringed “windpipe” ________________
carapace
Dorsal shell ___________________
3rd eyelid nictitating membrane
_____________________
 This is the protein
and water needed
by the growing
embryo
albumen

Name one of the parts of the brain that is larger in

a reptile than in an amphibian

Cerebrum OR optic lobes

 Type of egg found in
reptiles with a protective
outer shell and 4
membranes inside.
Amniotic egg

This substance is made in the liver, stored in the

gall bladder, and used in the small intestine to
digest fats.
bile
The part of the shell on the ventral surface of
a turtle is called the __________________
plastron

2 atria.
The heart of a turtle has ____

1 2 3
The lining of the lungs is folded into
alveoli
numerous small sacs called _____________

Part of the egg which stores nitrogen wastes

and acts as a “lung” to exchange gases.

allantois
Protein in reptile skin that makes it scaly.

keratin

Specialized sense organ in the roof of the

mouth of snakes & lizards that detects
odors.
Jacobson’s organ
Type of reproduction in which embryos are
retained in the body, nourished by a
placenta, and born alive.
viviparity

Land dwelling reptiles excrete nitrogen in

Uric acid
the form of ________________
Type of reproduction found in turtles

Oviparity viviparity ovoviviparity

oviparity

The ability of lizards to detach their tails when

autotomy
grabbed by a predator is called ________________
Snakes and lizards belong to the order

Chelonia Squamata Crocodilia Rynchocephalia

Squamata

Name the 3 parts of a turtle’s shell

Carapace, plastron, & bridge

Type of reproduction in which eggs are laid
shortly before hatching or they may hatch
inside the body, but nourishment for the
embryo comes from the egg not the mother.

ovoviviparity

endotherms
Warm blooded animals are __________________

Ectotherms Endotherms
In reptiles low oxygen and high oxygen blood
is prevented from mixing in the heart by a
____________ in the ventricle.

Partial septum

Give an example of a reptile with no teeth.

Turtle or tortoise
 Type of reproduction in which eggs are
covered with a protective shell and laid
outside the body to hatch.
Oviparity

These snakes kill their prey by injecting venom

through large, mobile fangs

Constrictors vipers Elapids

vipers
 MATCH THE PART WITH ITS FUNCTION
ALVEOLI
Tiny air sacs in lungs _________________

TESTES
Makes sperm _________________

OVIDUCTS
Adds albumen & shell to eggs _____________________

LIVER
Processes nitrogen waste for kidneys _________________

Collecting space for feces, urine, and sperm or eggs

CLOACA
_______________
Tell a characteristic found in turtles but
NOT other reptiles.
Beak instead of teeth; shell;
pelvic and pectoral girdles lie within ribs

The purpose of ALVEOLI is to

Increase surface area for more gas exchange

 kidneys
The excretory organ in reptiles is_____________

Tell 3 characteristics of REPTILES

Thick, scaly skin

Internal fertilization
Breathe with lungs
Claws on feet
ectothermic
 Name the amniotic egg part
Stores nitrogen waste
ALLANTOIS
and exchanges gases _______________________

Membrane around fat rich

YOLK SAC
food source _______________________

Membrane around the embryo

AMNION
& surrounding fluid ________________________

ALBUMEN
Water & protein for growing embryo _________________

CHORION
Membrane around all other membranes _______________
T or F
Turtles have a nictitating membrane like frogs.
TRUE

What makes crocodilians different from other

reptiles?

Have 2 ventricles; complete septum

2 loops; 1 loop 2 loops
3 chambers 2 chambers 4 chambers

A B C
Which of the diagrams shows the
circulatory system of most reptiles?
A 2 loops; 3 chambers
A snake uses its Jacobson’s organ to
locate prey inject venom detect heat digest food

Locate prey
It’s used in smelling.

Tell one reason why a reptile might shut off blood

in the pulmonary loop

When inactive
When diving underwater
When wants to warm up fast
What determines whether a baby turtle turns
out to be a girl or boy?

Sex is determined by temperature of the

environment surrounding the egg.

What is the larval form seen in reptiles?

Trochophore bipinnaria nauplius tadpole

Trick question:
Turtles have direct development… no larva!
Turtles hatch looking like miniature versions of adults.
Organ that stores bile

Gall bladder

Living reptiles most closely related to dinosaurs.

Crocodiles and alligators

Organ that makes bile

liver

Number of ventricles in most reptile hearts.

one
Opening to the digestive system

gullet

Type of skeleton seen in reptiles

Exoskeleton Endoskeleton

endoskeleton
The albumen and shell of an turtle egg are added in
oviduct
the __________________

ovary oviduct cloaca

Snake that kills its prey by squeezing and

suffocating it.
constrictor
 MATCH THE PART WITH ITS FUNCTION
LIVER
Stores glycogen _______________________

Uses trypsin & bile to Duodenum

finish digestion _______________
(Small intestine)

Uses acid and muscle contraction

STOMACH
to breakdown food ________________________

Remove nitrogen waste from blood

and makes urine _________________
KIDNEY

TRACHEA
“Ringed” tube that carries air to bronchi _________
Match the organ with its function:
Liver
Makes bile _______________________
Makes, stores, and
spleen
recycles blood cells ________________
Makes digestive enzymes
like trypsin for the small intestine
pancreas
__________________
ileum (Small intestine)
Absorbs nutrients ____________________
glottis
Opening to lungs ________________
plastron
“Tummy shell” ___________________
Tympanic membrane
Eardrum _____________________
Match the organ with its function:

Processes nitrogen waste for kidneys ____________

Respiratory organ in reptiles ________________
Carries both high and low oxygen blood ________________ & __________________
Controls involuntary organs ________________
Controls higher thinking/learning ______________
Bone connecting eardrum to inner ear ___________
Sense organ for smell in roof of
mouth of snakes & lizards ___________________

liver
lungs

Ventricle conus arteriosus

Medulla oblongata
cerebrum
columella
Jacobson’s organ
Match the organ with its function:

Controls balance & motor coordination ___________

Nostrils ________________
Also called colon ________________
Skull bone ________________
Receives blood from lungs ______________
Receives blood from body _______________
Processes info about vision ___________________

cerebellum
External nares
Large intestine
cranium
Left atrium
Sinus venosus
Optic lobes
Name the three body systems that
empty into the cloaca
Digestive, excretory, reproductive
How is reproduction in turtles
different than in frogs?
TURTLES FROGS
Internal fertilization external fertilization;
amniotic eggs; jelly coated eggs
Direct development indirect development
 Give one advantage of being ectothermic
Don’t need as much food as
same size endotherm
Tell 2 disadvantages of being
ectothermic.
Can’t live in cold places

Can’t run, swim, jump etc. for long

periods of time.
Organ that controls heart rate, blood
pressure, and metabolism rate.

Thyroid gland

deuterostomes
Reptiles are _________________

protostomes deuterostomes
 vertebrates
Reptiles are ________________.

invertebrates vertebrates

ectotherms
Reptiles are _________________

ectotherms endotherms
T F Turtles can crawl out of their shells.
F Their ribs and spine are attached to the shell.

T F Turtles and tortoises are the only

reptiles without teeth.
T They have a hard beak, other reptiles
have teeth.
T F Turtles are pseudocoelomates.

F Like all higher animals, they have a

true coelom.
 Organisms whose body temperature is dependent on their
environment are called
_______________________
ectothermic

direct
Reptiles have ____________ development.

Direct indirect
 internal fertilization.
Reptiles have _____________

external internal

closed
Reptiles have a(n) __________ circulatory system.

open closed
Protein that forms the scaly skin of
reptiles, bird feathers, and your hair
and fingernails.
KERATIN

Reptiles excrete nitrogen waste in the form of

Uric acid
_________________

Ammonia urea uric acid

Animals can excrete nitrogen waste in
several forms (ammonia, urea, uric
acid). Which is the least toxic?
Uric acid
Tell one reason scientists think an asteroid hit
The earth 65 million years ago wiping out
all the large reptiles (dinosaurs)
1. Layer of irridium (common in asteriods but not on Earth) was
found in rock laid down from that time period

2. Discovery of large impact crater in Mexico

3. Quartz crystals in rock show compaction

T F Reptiles have the ability to
close off their pulmonary circulation.
T They do it when they are swimming under
water or trying to warm up quickly.
T F All reptiles have a 3 chamber heart
except turtles.
F Crocodiles are the reptiles with a
4 chamber heart.
 The blastopore in reptile embryos
anus
becomes the __________.

mouth anus

Reptiles, birds, and mammals are thought to

have a common ancestor because they share
what characteristic?
Amniotic eggs
MATCH THE REPTILE WITH ITS ORDER

Snakes and lizards Turtles & tortoises

_________________
SQUAMATA CHELONIA
__________________

Crocodiles & alligators

CROCODILIA
_________________
Match the organ with its body system:

Kidneys _______________________
Heart ________________
Ileum __________________
skin ________________
Spinal cord ________________
oviducts ___________________
bronchi _____________________

excretory
circulatory
digestive
integumentary
nervous
reproductive
respiratory
In most organisms, the individual’s sex is
determined by the presence of X or y sex
chromosomes. How is this different in turtles,
crocodiles, & some lizards?
Sex is dependant on the temperature
of the nest where the eggs are laid
How are the lungs of a turtle different than
the lungs in a frog?

Have alveoli; frog lungs don’t

 Which of the reptiles provides the most parental care to
their young?
crocodiles
Turtles lizards snakes crocodiles

ectotherms
Reptiles are _________________

ectotherms endotherms
Snakes like pythons and boas that kill by
squeezing and suffocating their prey are
called __________________
constrictors

This reptile belongs

in the order
Crocodilia
_______________
Follow the path of blood in the frog circulatory system.
Sinus
venosus    Body

 organs
RIGHT LEFT  Lungs

Atrium Atrium 

  
 Conus
Ventricle  arteriosus
Match the organ with its function:

Smaller tubes that connect bronchi

trachea to lungs _______________________

Gland that controls heart rate,

thyroid
blood pressure; cell development ____________

Large intestine
Also called COLON ____________________

Collecting space for urine, feces,

cloaca
and eggs or sperm __________________
Match the organ with its function:
Exit opening in animals
with a cloaca ____________________
vent
External nares
“Nostrils” ________________

Tubes that connect ears

Eustachian
to back of throat __________________

Fan like membrane that holds

digestive organs in place mesentery
_________________
 Tell how the circulatory system in reptiles is
similar to that in amphibians.
Both have:
3 chamber heart
2 atria; 1 ventricle
2 loop closed system
Pulmonary & systemic loops
Sinus venosus and conus arteriosus
Follows same pathway
Arteries leave heart; veins return
 Tell how the circulatory system in reptiles is
different from that in amphibians.
Reptiles: Amphibians:
Ventricle has partial septum NOT
(crocodilians 4 chambers)
Sinus venosus & conus arteriosus NOT
are smaller
Can shut down pulmonary loop Can’t
Snakes like cobras that kill injecting venom
with small fixed (non-movable) fangs are
called __________________
elapids

The ancient reptile order

that includes only two
species of spiny crested
tuataras
is_______________
Rynchocephalia
 Tell how the reproductive system in turtles is
different from that in frogs.
TURTLES FROGS
Internal fertilization external fertilization
males have penis w/ amplexus

Direct development indirect development

Sex determined by sex determined by

temperature of nest sex chromosomes

Amniotic eggs jelly/no shells on eggs

Name a group of reptile that shows another kind of
reproduction besides oviparity.

Snakes or lizards

This reptile belongs in the

order _________________
Chelonia
Name the parts of the brain starting at the spinal
cord and moving toward the nose.
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
Optic lobes
Cerebrum
Olfactory lobes

Which of these parts is larger in turtles and

in frogs?
Cerebrum
Turtles belong to the

Kingdom :

Phylum:
Animalia
Sub Phylum:

Class:
Chordata
Order:

Vertebrata

Reptilia “to creep or crawl”

Chelonia “tortoise”
Match the brain part to its function:
Controls involuntary body organs
Medulla oblongata
___________________

Higher thinking & learning _______________

cerebrum

Optic lobes
Processes info about vision ____________________

balance & motor coordination ____________

cerebellum

Olfactory lobes
Processes info about smell _______________
SUBSTANCE MADE BY? FUNCTION?
BILE LIVER Breaks down
FATS
TRYPSIN Breaks down
PANCREAS PROTEINS
GLUCAGON PANCREAS Causes cells to release
stored glucose
INSULIN Causes cells to
PANCREAS store glucose

THYROXIN THYROID Controls heart rate, blood

pressure; growth &
GLAND development

GLYCOGEN All cells; Storage form of

especially LIVER glucose;