MICROCONTROLLER BASED MISSILE

DETECTION AND DESTROYING SYSTEM

Submitted by:Sidharthan Sajeevan

 CONTENT
 Introduction
 History of anti-missile system
 Hardware components of the system
 Working of the system
 Software Description
 Conclusion
INTRODUCTION:
 Basically any object thrown at a target with the
aim of hitting it is a missile.
 In modern world,missiles are detected and
destroyed by anti-aircraft system whose path is
controlled by radio signals or by internal homing
devices.
HISTORY OF ANTI –MISSILE SYSTEM:
 The first serious attempts at SAM
development took place during
World War II, although no
operational system were introduced.
 Historically notable systems include
the American Nike Ajax, the first
operational guided missile SAM
system, and the Soviet Union's S-75
Dvina, the most-produced SAM.
HARDWARE COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM:

• AVR ATMEGA 32 Microcontroller

• L293D Motor Driver IC
• Voltage regulator 7805
• Diode IN4007
• RF Receiver And Transmitter
• Robot Chassis
• Stepper Motor
• Ultrasonic Sensor
• Laser
• Wireless Video Camera
• Alarm
AVR ATMEGA 32 MICROCONTROLLER:
 ATmega32 is an 8-bit high performance
microcontroller of Atmel’s Mega AVR family with
low power consumption.
 Atmega16 is based on enhanced RISC.
 Most of the instructions execute in one machine
cycle.
 Atmega16 can work on a maximum Clock
frequency of 16MHz.
 ATmega32 has 16 KB programmable flash memory,
static RAM of 1 KB and EEPROM of 512 Bytes
bound by Harvard Architecture.
 The endurance cycle of flash memory and EEPROM
is 10,000 and 100,000 respectively.
 ATmega32 has various in-built peripherals like
USART, ADC, Analog Comparator, SPI, JTAG etc.
Each I/O pin has an alternative task related to in-
built peripherals.
PIN DIAGRAM

 ATmega32 is a 40 pin
microcontroller.
 There are 32 I/O lines which
are divided into four 8-bit ports
designated as Port A , port B,
port C and port D.
 ATmega32 has various in-built
peripherals like USART, ADC,
Analog Comparator, SPI,
JTAG etc. Each I/O pin has an
alternative task related to in-
built peripherals.
 L293D MOTOR DRIVER IC

 The most common method to drive

DC motors in two directions under
control of a computer is with an H-
bridge motor driver.
 We can make our own H bridge
using transistors but it will be better
if we use a ready made IC named as
L293D, it’s a dual half H brige IC.
 We can drive a maximum of two
DC motor and one stepper motor
using one L293D.
 VOLTAGE REGULATOR 7805
 7805 is a voltage regulator integrated
circuit. It is a member of 78xx series of fixed
linear voltage regulator ICs.
 The voltage source in a circuit may have
fluctuations and would not give the fixed
voltage output
 The voltage regulator IC maintains the
output voltage at a constant value.
 The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed output
voltage it is designed to provide. 7805
provides +5V regulated power supply
 . Capacitors of suitable values can be
connected at input and output pins
depending upon the respective voltage
levels.
 DIODE IN4007

 These diodes are used to convert AC

into DC these are used as half wave
rectifier or full wave rectifier.
 Diodes of number IN4001, IN4002,
IN4003, IN4004, IN4005, IN4006
and IN4007 have maximum reverse
bias voltage capacity of 50V and
maximum forward current capacity of
1A.
 Diode of low capacity cannot be used
in place of diode of high capacity.
RF MODULE:
 The RF module operates at
Radio Frequency(RF) . The
corresponding frequency range
varies between 30 kHz & 300
GHz.
 RF signals can travel even
through obstruction between
transmitter & receiver.
 Any RF module comprises of
an RF Transmitter and an RF
Receiver
ROBOT CHASSIS:
 A chassis is a base - the
physical frame or
structure of an
automobile, an airplane,
a desktop computer or
other multi-component
device. In military terms,
it refers to the frame on
which a cannon carriage
moves backwards and
forwards
STEPPER MOTOR:
 A stepper motor is another
kind of electric motor used
in the robotics industry.
 Stepper motors move a
known interval for each
pulse of power. These
pulses of power are
provided by a stepper
motor driver and are
referred to as a step.
ULTRASONIC SENSOR

 Ultrasonic Rangefinder is
used to find range of an
obstacle from the sensor.
 It works on a principle
similar to RADAR or
SONAR which evaluate
attributes of a target by
interpreting the echoes from
radio or sound waves
respectively.
  
LASER – LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION RADIATION

 Any device that emit highly

amplified and coherent radiation of
one or more discrete frequencies.
 LASER delivers light in an almost-
perfectly parallel beam
(collimated) that is very pure,
approaching a single wavelength.
 It is used to produce a coherent non
dispersing beam of light by
multiple refractions inside a highly
polished glass cavity.
WIRELESS VIDEO CAMERA

 It is a wireless transmitter carrying a camera signal.

 The camera is wired to wireless transmitter and the signal
travels between the camera and the receiver.
 The sound you hear on a radio is transmitted wirelessly
and you can tune it to a certain frequency and hear the
sound.
 The power is provided by a battery or transformer.

 The Receiver

A wireless receiver has only one function. After the

camera and wireless transmitters have provided the
wireless video signal the receiver collects this signal and
routes it the Monitor, TV, VCR , DVR or PC (or alternative
recording or viewing device).
 Video Transmitter:

Video Transmitters can be obtained separate from

cameras.. Instead of the wire from the camera to the
recording device or monitor the wireless signal will send
the video. Again you will need to provide power to the
camera and the transmitter.
WORKING:
 The system is designed to detect the target (missile) moving in
multiple directions. The destroying system moves automatically
in the direction of missile and fires it upon fixing the target.
 This system consists of a SONAR based object tracking system
that continuously monitors the target. Upon detecting the target
it sends the target's location to a Central Control System. The
Central Control System takes the action of moving the firing
mechanism in the direction of target missile.
 Upon fixing the direction, it sends the control command to firing
system to attack the target.
 This project is divided in three part RF Transmitter, RF
Receiver, and microcontroller.
SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION- CODE VISION AVR
 Code vision AVR is a very powerful and user-friendly
compiler/IDE for Atmel’s AVR series of microcontrollers.
 Application that runs under Windows® XP, Vista, Windows 7,
Windows 8 and Windows 10, 32-bit and 64-bit
 Easy to use Integrated Development Environment and ANSI C
compatible Compiler
 Editor with auto indentation, syntax highlighting for both C and
AVR assembler.
 Fast floating point library with hardware multiplier and enhanced
core instructions support .
 Transparent, easy accessing of the EEPROM & FLASH memory
areas, without the need of special functions like in other AVR
compilers
 Bit level access to I/O registers
 Interrupt support
 Support for placing bit variables in the General Purpose I/O
Registers (GPIOR) available in the new chips .
 Advanced variables to register allocator, allows very efficient use of
the AVR architecture
 Common Block Subroutine Packing replaces repetitive code
sequences with calls to subroutines. This optimizer is available as
Standard in CodeVisionAVR.
CONCLUSION:
 By using ultrasonic waves, we can detect
the missile then micro controller activates
the destroyer. This can be applied in
various defense fields to protect the
Nation from foreign attacks.
 In case of global military conflict, the
role of anti-missile defense becomes very
important. Although anti-missile defence
with a hundred percent reliability was not
reached by any country, huge efforts are
put into this area.
 For this purpose early attack detection
systems, controllable rockets, high power
lasers are used.
QUERIES
THANK YOU