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Computer Network - Basic Concepts

The document discusses key concepts about computer networks including: 1) A computer network connects computers allowing them to share resources and communicate. 2) Networks can be classified by scale (LAN, WAN, etc.), structure (client-server, peer-to-peer), and topology (bus, star, ring, mesh, tree). 3) Network media like twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, and wireless transmit data at different speeds and with varying security.

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Anil
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84 views

Computer Network - Basic Concepts

The document discusses key concepts about computer networks including: 1) A computer network connects computers allowing them to share resources and communicate. 2) Networks can be classified by scale (LAN, WAN, etc.), structure (client-server, peer-to-peer), and topology (bus, star, ring, mesh, tree). 3) Network media like twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, and wireless transmit data at different speeds and with varying security.

Uploaded by

Anil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Network -

Basic Concepts
 Computer Networks
 Communication Model
 Transmission Modes
 Communication Types
 Classification Of Computer Networks
 By Scale
 By Structure
 By Topology
 Network Media
 Internetworking
Computer Network
 A computer network is a group of interconnected
computers.

 It allows computers to communicate with each other and


to share resources and information.

 First Network : The Advanced Research Projects Agency


(ARPA) funded the design of the "Advanced Research
Projects Agency Network" (ARPANET) for the United
States Department of Defense
Communication Model
Communication Model
 Source
 generates data to be transmitted
 Transmitter
 Converts data into transmittable signals
 Transmission System
 Carries data
 Receiver
 Converts received signal into data
 Destination
 Takes incoming data
Communication Model
Transmission Modes
 Simplex
 One direction
 e.g. Television

 Half duplex
 Either direction, but
only one way at a time
 e.g. police radio

 Full duplex
 Both directions at the
same time
 e.g. telephone
Communication Types
 Unicasting (one-to-one)

 Multicasting (one-to-many)

 Broadcasting (one-to-all)
Network Classification
 By Size or Scale
 LAN
 WAN
 MAN
 CAN
 PAN
Local Area Network (LAN)
 Contains printers, servers and computers
 Systems are close to each other
 Contained in one office or building
 Organizations often have several LANS
Wide Area Networks (WAN)
 Two or more LANs connected
 Over a large geographic area
 Typically use public or leased lines
 Phone lines
 Satellite
 The Internet is a WAN
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

 Large network that connects different


organizations
 Shares regional resources
 A network provider sells time
Campus Area Networks (CAN)
 A LAN in one large geographic area
 Resources related to the same
organization
 Each department shares the LAN
Personal Area Network (PAN)
 Very small scale network
 Range is less than 2 meters
 Cell phones, PDAs, MP3 players
Network Classification
 By Structure / Functional Relationship
 Client / Server
 Peer to Peer (P2PN)
Client/Server network
 Nodes and servers share data roles
 Nodes are called clients
 Servers are used to control access
 Database software
 Access to data controlled by server
 Server is the most important computer
Peer to peer networks (P2PN)
 All nodes are equal
 Nodes access resources on other nodes
 Each node controls its own resources
 Most modern OS allow P2PN
 Distributed computing is a form
 Kazaa
Network Classification
 By Topology / Physical Connectivity
 BUS
 STAR
 RING
 MESH
 TREE
Network Topology
 Logical layout of wires and equipment
 Choice affects
 Network performance
 Network size

 Network collision detection


BUS
 Also called linear bus

 One wire connects all nodes

 Terminator ends the wires

 Advantages
 Easy to setup

 Small amount of wire

 Disadvantages
 Slow

 Easy to crash
STAR
 All nodes connect to a hub
 Packets sent to hub

 Hub sends packet to destination

 Advantages
 Easy to setup

 One cable can not crash network

 Disadvantages
 One hub crashing downs entire network

 Uses lots of cable

 Most common topology


RING
 Nodes connected in a circle

 Tokens used to transmit data


 Nodes must wait for token to send

 Advantages
 Time to send data is known

 No data collisions

 Disadvantages
 Slow

 Lots of cable
MESH
 All computers connected together

 Internet is a mesh network

 Advantage
 Data will always be delivered

 Disadvantages
 Lots of cable

 Hard to setup
TREE
 Hierarchal Model

 Advantages
 Scaleable

 Easy Implementation

 Easy Troubleshooting
Network Media
 Links that connect nodes
 Choice impacts
 Speed
 Security
 Size
Twisted-pair cabling
 Most common LAN cable

 Called Cat5 or 100BaseT

 Four pairs of copper cable twisted

 May be shielded from interference

 Speeds range from


1 Mbps to 1,000 Mbps
Coaxial cable
 Similar to cable TV wire

 One wire runs through cable

 Shielded from interference

 Speeds up to 10 Mbps

 Nearly obsolete
Fiber-optic cable
 Data is transmitted with light pulses

 Glass strand instead of cable

 Immune to interference

 Very secure

 Hard to work with

 Speeds up to
100 Gbps
Wireless Media
 Data transmitted through the air

 LANs use radio waves

 WANs use microwave signals

 Easy to setup

 Difficult to secure
Internetwork
 An Internetwork is the connection of two or more
distinct computer networks or network segments
via a common routing technology.

 Any interconnection among or between public,


private, commercial, industrial, or governmental
networks may also be defined as an
internetwork.
Internetwork
 Intranet
 An intranet is a set of networks, using the Internet Protocol and IP-based tools such as
web browsers and file transfer applications, that is under the control of a single
administrative entity.
 Most commonly, an intranet is the internal network of an organization
 Extranet
 An extranet is a network or internetwork that is limited in scope to a single organization
or entity but which also has limited connections to the networks of one or more other
usually, but not necessarily, trusted organizations or entities
 by definition, an extranet cannot consist of a single LAN; it must have at least one
connection with an external network.
 Internet
 The Internet consists of a worldwide interconnection of governmental, academic, public,
and private networks based upon the networking technologies of the Internet Protocol
Suite.
 It is the successor of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)
developed by DARPA of the U.S. Department of Defense.
 The Internet is also the communications backbone underlying the World Wide Web
(WWW).

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