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Major Components of Micro-Irrigation System

The document discusses micro-irrigation systems and their components. Key points include: 1) Micro-irrigation systems like drip and sprinkler irrigation can save 40-80% of water compared to conventional irrigation and improve water use efficiency by up to 100%. 2) Micro-irrigation delivers small, frequent water applications directly to plant roots through devices like drip tape, tubing, and emitters. 3) Properly designed and managed micro-irrigation systems significantly increase crop productivity while reducing water and fertilizer use compared to other irrigation methods.

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91 views

Major Components of Micro-Irrigation System

The document discusses micro-irrigation systems and their components. Key points include: 1) Micro-irrigation systems like drip and sprinkler irrigation can save 40-80% of water compared to conventional irrigation and improve water use efficiency by up to 100%. 2) Micro-irrigation delivers small, frequent water applications directly to plant roots through devices like drip tape, tubing, and emitters. 3) Properly designed and managed micro-irrigation systems significantly increase crop productivity while reducing water and fertilizer use compared to other irrigation methods.

Uploaded by

pink girl
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Major Components of Micro-Irrigation

System

Dr Sunil Garg
Principal Scientist
Department of Soil and Water Engineering
PAU Ludhiana
•Water is one of the most critical inputs for agriculture which
consumes more than 80% of the water resources of the country.
• Availability of adequate quantity and quality of water is,
therefore, key factors for achieving higher productivity levels.
•Investments in conservation of water, improved techniques to
ensure its timely supply, and improve its efficient use are some
of the imperatives which the country needs to enhance.
•Poor irrigation efficiency of conventional irrigation system has
not only reduced the anticipated outcome of investments made
towards water resource development, but has also resulted in
environmental problems like water logging and soil salinity
thereby affecting crop yields.
•This, therefore, calls for massive investments in adoption of
improved methods of irrigation such as drip and sprinkler,
including fertigation.
Various options are available for reducing water demand
in agriculture
•The micro-irrigation (MI) technologies such as drip and
sprinkler are the key interventions in water saving and
improving crop productivity.

•Evidence shows that upto 40% to 80% of water can be


saved and water use efficiency (WUE) can be enhanced up
to 100% in a properly designed and managed MI system
compared to 30-40% under conventional practice (INCID
1994; Sivanappan 1994 cited in Kumar 2012).
•The term "micro-irrigation" describes a family of irrigation
systems that apply water through small devices.

•These devices deliver water onto the soil surface very near the
plant or below the soil surface directly into the plant root zone.

•Micro-irrigation is a method for delivering slow, frequent


applications of water to the soil using a low-pressure distributing
system and special flow-control outlets.

•Micro-irrigation is also referred to as drip, subsurface, bubbler


or trickle irrigation and all have similar design and management
criteria.

•The systems deliver water to individual plants or rows of plants.


•Drip irrigation was developed originally as a sub-irrigation
system and this basic idea underlying drip irrigation can be
traced back to experiments in Germany in 1860’s.

• The first work in drip irrigation in the U.S.A was a study


carried out by House in Colorado in 1913.

•An important breakthrough was made in Germany way back in


1920 when perforated pipe drip irrigation was introduced.

•During the early 1940's Symcha Blass, an engineer from Israel,


observed that a big tree near a leaking tap exhibited more
vigorous growth than other trees in the area. This led him to
the concept of an irrigation system that would apply water in
small quantity literally drop by drop.
•In India drip irrigation was practiced through indigenous methods
such as perforated earthenware pipes, perforated bamboo pipes and
pitcher/ porous cups.
•In Meghalaya some of the tribal farmers are using bamboo drip
irrigation system for betel, pepper and arecanut crops by diverting hill
streams in hill slopes.
•Earthenware pitchers and porous cups have been used for growing
vegetable crops in Rajasthan and Haryana. In India drip irrigation was
introduced in the early 70's at agricultural universities and other
research institutions.
•The growth of drip irrigation has really gained momentum in the last
one decade.
•These developments have taken place mainly in areas of acute water
scarcity and in commercial/horticultural crops, such as coconut,
grapes, banana, fruit trees, sugarcane and plantation crops in the
states of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and
Gujarat.
•Micro-irrigation has been accepted mostly in the arid regions for
watering high value crops such as fruits and orchard trees, grapes
and other vine crops, sugarcane, pineapples, strawberries,
flowers and vegetables.

•Growers, producers and landscapers have adapted micro-


irrigation systems to suit their needs for precision water
application.

•Micro-irrigation systems are immensely popular not only in arid


regions and urban settings but also in sub-humid and humid
zones where water supplies are limited or water is expensive.

•In urban landscapes, micro-irrigation is widely used with


ornamental plantings.
•To bring more area under irrigation, it has become necessary to
introduce new irrigation techniques viz. Micro & Sprinkler
Irrigation for economizing the use of water and increase
productivity per unit of water. 
•This technology also arrests water logging and secondary
salinization problems of the canal command areas and check the
receding water table and deteriorating water quality in the well
command areas.
•Micro-irrigation is to be viewed as a total plant support system
starting with planting material to post harvest management and
marketing.
•Therefore, micro-irrigation need be promoted in a holistic
manner involving appropriate cultivars, good agronomic
practices, post harvest handling, processing and marketing
leading to an end-to-end approach.
Screen Filters
Semi-Automatic Screen Filters
Efficient and Fast way to clean manual filters:

1. Clogging indicator tells you when to clean.

2. Clean the filter with just a turn of a handle,


done.
Disc Filters
Hydro-cyclone [Centrifugal Filters]
Point source emitters
Point source emitters are typically installed on the outside of the distribution line.
Point source emitters dissipate water pressure through a long narrow path and a
vortex chamber or a small orifice before discharging into the air The emitters can
take a predetermined water pressure at its inlet and reduce it to almost zero as the
water exits. Some can be taken apart and manually cleaned. The typical flow
rates range from 2 to 8 Lh-1.

     
       

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