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Traditional Versus Advanced Ceramics: Sanitary Ware, Tiles, Etc

Traditional ceramics are mostly silicate-based and formed through processes like slip casting, wheel throwing, and hand building. They have coarse, non-uniform microstructures. Advanced ceramics use more sophisticated raw materials like oxides, carbides, and synthetic materials. They have uniform microstructures and are used in applications like abrasives, bearings, composites, and piezoelectrics due to their mechanical, electrical, thermal, and chemical properties.

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112 views

Traditional Versus Advanced Ceramics: Sanitary Ware, Tiles, Etc

Traditional ceramics are mostly silicate-based and formed through processes like slip casting, wheel throwing, and hand building. They have coarse, non-uniform microstructures. Advanced ceramics use more sophisticated raw materials like oxides, carbides, and synthetic materials. They have uniform microstructures and are used in applications like abrasives, bearings, composites, and piezoelectrics due to their mechanical, electrical, thermal, and chemical properties.

Uploaded by

fayza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Traditional Versus Advanced Ceramics

 Most people associate the word ceramics with pottery, sculpture,


sanitary ware, tiles, etc. And whereas this view is not incorrect, it is
incomplete because it considers only the traditional, or silicate-based,
ceramics.
 Today the field of ceramic science or engineering encompasses much
more than silicates and can be divided into traditional and modern
ceramics.
 Before the distinction is made, however, it is worthwhile to trace the
history of ceramics and people's association with them.
 Later the discovery was made that when heated and slowly cooled,
some sands tended to form a transparent, water-impervious solid,
known today as glass.
 With the advent of the industrial revolution, structural clay products,
such as bricks and heat-resistant refractory materials for the large-
scale smelting of metals were developed.
 And with the discovery of electricity and the need to distribute it, a
market was developed for electrically insulating silicate-based
ceramics.
 Traditional ceramics are characterized by mostly silicate-based porous
microstructures that are quite coarse, non-uniform, and multiphase. They
are typically formed by mixing clays and feldspars, followed by forming
either by slip casting or on a potter's wheel, firing in a flame kiln to sinter
them, and finally glazing.
 In a much later stage of development, other ceramics that were not clay
or silicate-based depended on much more sophisticated raw materials,
such as binary oxides, carbides, perovskites, and even completely
synthetic materials for which there are no natural equivalents.
Traditional Ceramics
Common Types of Clay
• Earthenware: clay fired at relatively low
temperatures (1800°F-2100°F), often
contains iron and has a porous surface
when fired

• Stoneware: a buff, gray or brown clay


which is heavy, opaque, and highly plastic
in nature with a high firing temperature
(2200°F-2400°F)

• Porcelain: a very fine white clay with a


high firing temperature (2200°F-2550°F), is
non-porous, strong, and translucent when
fired
BASIC Materials
• Kiln: a specially designed oven capable of reaching
temperatures over 2000° F (can be electric, gas, or
wood-fired)

• Clay: moist, sticky dirt (mud) composed of fine-


grained minerals, which can be shaped when wet and
hardened when dried or heated

• Tools: mainly used to shape clay


Tools, Tools, Tools….

hands
modeling tools

loop tools

ribs

sponge wire clay cutter


Clay Shaping Methods

• Wheel Throwing
• Slip Casting
• Hand Building
Wheel Throwing
Wheel Thrown Pottery
Slip Casting
Slip: a liquid mixture of clay and water
Slip Cast Ceramics
Hand Building
• Pinch Pot
• Coil Construction
• Slab Construction
•
Pinch Pot
Pinching is a pottery technique fundamental to manipulating clay. Making a
pinch pot consists of pressing the thumb into a ball of clay, and drawing the
clay out into a pot by repeatedly squeezing the clay between the thumb and
fingers.  
Pinch Pots
Coil Construction
• Coils are long, snake-like ropes of clay that are used in making pottery. It
involves building the walls of a form with a series of coils into the required
shape. The surface can either remain coil-textured or they can be
smoothed.
Coil Ceramics
Slab Construction
• A pottery technique in which a form is built up by joining shapes cut from
thick sheets of damp clay.
Slab Ceramics
General Characteristics of Ceramics

 As a class, ceramics are


 hard,  electrically and thermally insulative,

 wear-resistant,  intrinsically transparent

 brittle, prone to thermal shock,  Nonmagnetic

 refractory  chemically stable, and oxidation-


resistant.
 As with all generalizations, there will be exceptions; some ceramics are
electrically and thermally quite conductive, while others are even
superconducting. An entire industry is based on the fact that some
ceramics are magnetic.
Advanced Ceramics
 The use of ‘Engineering’ Ceramics, introduces entirely new fields to be
considered.
 These include mechanical properties, decorative ceramics, environmental
uses, energy applications, bioceramics, composites, functionally graded
materials, intelligent ceramics and so on.
 The term Advanced Ceramics is opposite in meaning to ‘Traditional’ or
‘Classical’ Ceramics. In the past, Advanced Ceramics were often
confused with New or Newer Ceramics, Modern Ceramics, Special
Ceramics and so on.
Abrasive Ceramics
Ceramic Coated Abrasive abrasive ceramic fiber disc
Ceramic Bearings
Ceramic Matrix Composites

Jet engine Exhaust nozzle of jet


Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics
Piezo-ceramic

Direct piezo-electric effect


Perovskite structure

Inverse piezo-electric effect

Actuators
Porous Ceramics Filtration & Separation

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