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Power Factor: Presented by

1. Power factor measures how effectively electrical power is being used in distribution systems, involving the relationship between working power and reactive power. 2. Most loads require both working power to perform work and reactive power to sustain electromagnetic fields, resulting in lower power factors. 3. Power factor correction aims to minimize reactive power usage by replacing equipment, installing capacitors, and using other strategies tailored to each application.

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Red Ash
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37 views

Power Factor: Presented by

1. Power factor measures how effectively electrical power is being used in distribution systems, involving the relationship between working power and reactive power. 2. Most loads require both working power to perform work and reactive power to sustain electromagnetic fields, resulting in lower power factors. 3. Power factor correction aims to minimize reactive power usage by replacing equipment, installing capacitors, and using other strategies tailored to each application.

Uploaded by

Red Ash
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POWER FACTOR

Presented By:
What is Power
Factor (PF) ?
PF measures how effectively
electrical power is being used in
electrical distribution Systems.
What is Power Factor?

 Power factor involves the relationship


between two types of power:
Working Power
and
Reactive Power.
What is Power Factor?

 Most loads in electrical distribution systems are


inductive, which means that they require an
electromagnetic field to operate.
 Inductive loads require two kinds of current:
 Working Power – performs actual work of
creating heat, light, motion, etc.
 Reactive Power – sustains the
electromagnetic field.
What is Power Factor?

 But there are also loads in electrical


distribution systems which are purely
resistive .
Power Triangle
Working Power (kW)

a
Reactive
b Power (kVAR)
c
Apparent Power (kVA)

1. Real Power or Working Power (kW) - Measured


2. Reactive Power (kVAR) - Measured
3. Apparent Power (kVA) - Calculated

2 2 2
Pythagorean Theorem: c = a + b
2 2
kVA = kW + kVAR 2
6
Calculating Power Factor

kVAh = kWh2 + kVARh2


Average PF over month
Power Factor = kWh
kVAh

Metered kW x 0.95 = kW billed


PF
Examples of Electric Equipment and Their Power Factor

Different types of electric equipment have different Power Factors and consequently
different efficiencies and current requirements:

Name of Equipment Power Factor Percent

Lightly loaded induction .20


motors

Loaded induction motor .80

Neon-lighting equipment .30 - .70

Incandescent lamps 1

All types of resistance heating 1


devices (e.g. toaster, space heater)

8
More Examples
Effects
•Line Losses
When the reactive power travels back the
transmission line, it causes a hindrance in the path of the flowing
active power so the active power gets lost in the line.
Why Enforce Power Factor?

Places the cost burden more on those customers


causing the problem rather than all rate payers.

• Improves system efficiency by reducing electrical power


losses
• Enhances system operation and reliability.

• Increases system capacity capabilities.


Why only accounts over 700 kW?

 The 700 kW and above standard provides


for a uniform, non-discriminatory
application of the policy.
 Correcting the PF on larger accounts will
result in a more noticeable improvement in
the system PF.
 Technology is more readily available for
correcting the PF of larger loads.
Power Factor Correction

• Minimize operation of idling or lightly


loaded motors.
• Replace standard motors as they burnout
with energy efficient motors sized
correctly.
• Install capacitors in the circuit .
Recommendations(Correction)
Recommendations(Correction)
• Work with a qualified electrical contractor or
engineer to study your application.
• Different strategies of correction
static versus bulk.
Recommendations(Correction)
• Inverters, variable speed drives, Capacitors and
solid state soft starters affect design.
Recommendations(Correction)
Recommendations(Correction)
Recommendations(Correction)
 Motor Power Factor correction
Recommendation(Correction)
Recommendation(Correction)
Recommendations(Correction)

 Different equipment launched by companies to reduce


power factor of home appliances and lower your electric bills.

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