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Department of Construction Technology and Management: Specification and Quantity Surveying

The document discusses quantity surveying and the bill of quantities (BOQ) preparation process. It describes how to take measurements of civil works, prepare specifications, and estimate costs. The key steps in BOQ preparation are: 1) taking off dimensions and quantities from drawings, 2) squaring dimensions, 3) abstracting quantities, and 4) writing the final BOQ. Proper measurement techniques and understanding of drawings are essential for an accurate BOQ that represents the full scope of work.

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138 views17 pages

Department of Construction Technology and Management: Specification and Quantity Surveying

The document discusses quantity surveying and the bill of quantities (BOQ) preparation process. It describes how to take measurements of civil works, prepare specifications, and estimate costs. The key steps in BOQ preparation are: 1) taking off dimensions and quantities from drawings, 2) squaring dimensions, 3) abstracting quantities, and 4) writing the final BOQ. Proper measurement techniques and understanding of drawings are essential for an accurate BOQ that represents the full scope of work.

Uploaded by

samrawit aysheshim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EIABC

DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY


AND MANAGEMENT

SPECIFICATION AND QUANTITY SURVEYING

CHAPTER TWO: QUANTITY SURVEYING


1.1 Introduction

Quantity Surveying is to take measurements of


civil works, prepare specifications, estimate the
cost of works either for each trade of work or
for the whole project.
2.2 Measurement of Civil Works

 Measurement of civil works includes the billing of


each trade of work either from drawings or the
building itself for defining the extent of works under
each trade.

Specification worksheet (BOQ form)


 It is the format which is used in a bill of quantity to

list (include) a short description of the specification


along with its measuring unit, quantity and unit prices
to determine the total cost for each trade of item.
Measurement of Civil Works
Specification worksheet (BOQ form)
Project: Name of the project

Item Description Unit Quantity Unit Total


price price
Preparation of BOQ

There are four clearly defined steps in preparation of Bill of


Quantities:
1. Taking off 2. Squaring 3. Abstracting 4. Writing the final Bill
1. Taking off:
 is the process of preparing / defining a detailed list of all labor

and materials necessary for the work and entering the items on
properly dimensioned paper.
 The standard form used for entering the dimensions taken or

scaled from drawings to determine the accurate quantity in each


trade of work, except reinforcement steel, is called take off sheet
or dimension paper.
 The dimension paper used for taking off is usually double – ruled

as shown below (A4 size).


Preparation of BOQ

Take off Format


Itemizing Dimensio Squaring Descriptio 1 2 3 4
n n
Preparation of BOQ

Column 1 is used for stating the number of times an item


occurs and is called the itemizing column.

Column 2 is called dimension column as it is used to


enter the dimensions of the items of works. the
dimensions are entered in the order indicated below.

Length, width , height or thickness

Column 3 is called squaring column, where as


Column 4 is called description column.
Preparation of BOQ

 The following tasks are part of the taking off .


 Describing the item

 bracketing (relating the description to the

quantity)
 Timizing

 dotting on (adding to the timizing factor)

 the ampersand (ditto)

 waste calculations

 deduction of items

 correction of dimensions (nullifying)


Preparation of BOQ
 Bending Schedule: the format used to define
quantity of reinforcement bars.

Project: Bending Schedule:


Location Mark shape Dia. Length No ∑ L for each diameter
(m)
ф 8 ф 10 ф 12 ф 14 ф 16

Total
W/m
∑W
Preparation of BOQ

2. Squaring:
 The dimensions entered in column2 are squared or

cubed as the case may be, multiplied by the timizing


factor, and the result entered in column3. This task is
called squaring.
 All squared dimensions should be carefully checked

by another person before abstracting, and if correct the


item should be ticked with red. 
3. Abstracting:  
 The squared dimensions are transferred to abstract

sheets and all similar dimensions are collected in the


same category to obtain the total quantity of each item.
Preparation of BOQ
4. Writing the Final Bill

 After the abstract sheets have been completed and


checked, the final bill of quantity is written. The
dimensions are copied from the abstracts, and as
each item is transferred it should be ticked by a
vertical line from the abstract sheets.

 The description of each item in the final BoQ


should be short, precise and descriptive as per the
specification. 
Basic principles in taking off

 Drawings shall be detailed and fully understood


clearly.
 During discrepancies in detailing, dimensioning
or if missed items exist obtain clarification from
the designer.
 The BoQ shall accurately represent the works to
be executed.
Basic principles in taking off

 Works, which cannot be measured accurately,


shall be expressed as provisional quantity
(PQ) and will result in provisional sum (PS)
and lump sum (LS)
 Prepared in such a way that discrepancies or
mistakes in taking off will not result in
excessive variation in the project cost which
directly affect the budget allocation for the
project.
Basic principles in taking off
 Built items shall generally include all possible
entrants which will make labor, materials (including
storing, loading, unloading and handling), fixing, use
of plant and equipment, wastage of materials,
equipment establishing charges and profit; otherwise
it shall be stated specifically.
 Prior knowledge of the measurement regulations is
necessary (For eg. roofing is measured in horizontal
projection).
 Measurements of civil works shall be carried out in
such a way that it can be easily checked and audited.
Measurement Methods

Mensuration–the calculation of geometric quantities such


as length, area, and volume, from dimensions and angles
that are already known. 
 Girth(perimeter)computation–linear measurement.

There are various methods of taking off quantities for


computation of girth.
 Centre line method –suitable only when the cross

sections of all walls are symmetrical. In this method


centre line length is found and same is used for taking
off quantities (therefore only width and depth vary).
Measurement Methods

 Crossing method – lengths and breadths of walls as


shown in plans are taken for working out various
items and this method is useful only if the offsets of
footings are symmetrical. 
 In- to- in and out- to-out method –some wall
lengths are taken out to out and others in to in
(offsets are added to out to out lengths) and same are
deducted from in -to-in lengths; used for any type of
measurement irrespective of condition of symmetry.
 Bay and Service Unit Methods
Thank You!!

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