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Ammatical Signals or Expressions Used in Patterns of Idea Development

This document discusses different patterns of idea development that can be used when writing paragraphs: general to particular, claim and counterclaim, problem-solution, and cause-effect. It provides examples of each pattern and the grammatical signals or expressions that are appropriate to use with each one. Key aspects like topic sentences, claims, counterclaims, problems and solutions are defined. The document aims to help writers compose paragraphs that logically develop ideas using these patterns and expressions.

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Frencine Agaran Taberna
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229 views

Ammatical Signals or Expressions Used in Patterns of Idea Development

This document discusses different patterns of idea development that can be used when writing paragraphs: general to particular, claim and counterclaim, problem-solution, and cause-effect. It provides examples of each pattern and the grammatical signals or expressions that are appropriate to use with each one. Key aspects like topic sentences, claims, counterclaims, problems and solutions are defined. The document aims to help writers compose paragraphs that logically develop ideas using these patterns and expressions.

Uploaded by

Frencine Agaran Taberna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGLISH 8

Learning
Competencies
● 1. Identify the different types of grammatical signals or expression used in writing as well as
the various patterns of idea development. (unpacked competency)
● 2. Use appropriate grammatical signals or expressions suitable to each pattern of idea
development:
 General to particular
 Claim and counterclaim
 Problem-solution
 Cause-effect and others (EN8G-la-7)

● 3. Compose paragraphs applying the appropriate use of grammatical signals or expressions


on each pattern of idea development:(unpacked competency)
Topic:
Grammatical
Expressions Used in
Various Patterns of Idea
Development
Questions to
Ponder

● 1. What do you think is the most important thing that a writer must
consider in writing a paragraph?
● 2. Do you believe that a writer should incorporate as many ideas as
possible in an essay even if these ideas do not support the topic sentence?
Grammatical
Examples:
Signals or
Expressions
Meaning:
- “Jennifer Aaker of the Global
These alert the reader that he or Business School at Stanford
she is about to read referenced University writes, in support of this
idea, that…”
material, such as a quotation, a - “In fact, the United Nations
summation of a study, or statistics Environmental Program found
verifying a claim. Ideally, your that…”
- “However, ‘Recycling programs,’
signal phrases will connect the
the Northern California Recycling
idea of the paragraph to the Association retorts…” “As graph
information from the outside 3.2 illustrates, we can by no means
source. be certain of the outcome.”
Types:
Change of Direction
Problem-Solution Signals Signals
(Problem, the question is, a (Although, but, otherwise, still,
solution, one answer is etc.) conversely, on the contrary, while,
in spite, despite etc.)

Continuation Signals Sequence Signals

(And, also, furthermore, with, (First, second, third, etc.)


one reason, another, moreover
etc.)
Types:

Illustration Signals Emphasis Signals


(For example, specifically, (Most of all, an important
for instance, to illustrate, factor, most importantly
such as etc.) etc.)

Cause, condition, and


result signals
Spatial Signals
(Because, so, due to, so (Between, left, behind, on,
that, while, therefore, of, under, around, upon etc.)
then, as, yet, for)
Types:
Comparison- Claim-Counterclaim
Contrast Signals
(In summary, (However, but, on
ultimately, in the other hand, get,
totality, in in contrast,
conclusion, finally, otherwise,
consequently) notwithstanding,
nevertheless, on the
contrary)
 
PATTERNS OF
ORGANIZATI
ON
IN PARAGRAPH
COMPOSITION
GENERAL TO SPECIFIC
ORDER

The general-to-specific order is a method of 


developing a paragraph, essay, or speech by
moving from a broad observation about a 
topic to specific details in support of that
topic. 
Steps for General-
Specific Order
1. The topic sentence should Going outside the house as a leisure is a
identify a general statement form of achieving peace for your mental
about the subject. health. As a matter of fact, we can pause
2. The writer should choose and take a break for a while in order to
details that make specific rest our mind, body, and soul. We can go
points about the general to places where there is enough fresh air
statement. to breathe and silence to enjoy so that
3. The writer should make we could be able to gather our thoughts
sure the reader can and ideas together. Then, after that, we
understand and relate to the can start overcoming our challenges,
specific examples. again.
CLAIM AND
COUNTERCLAIM
This pattern of development presents a claim
which is the main argument and a
counterclaim that opposes the main argument.
It also provides various reasons to tell why
the claim is made and to support the
argument.
Key Terms for
Claim-
Counterclaim
1. Claim – It typically
Order
asserts something.
2. Counterclaim – It
rebuts the previous
claim.
3. Argument – It is an
exchange of diverging
or opposite views.
PROBLEM-SOLUTION

A problem-solution pattern divides


information into two main sections, one
that describes a problem and one that
describes a solution.
Problem-Solution
Example Pattern
I. Problem: Motorized II. Solution: Riding Bicycles
Transportation
1. Bike riding reduces the number of
1. Increasing traffic motorized vehicles in use
congestion 2. Bike riding is not a source of
2. Increasing pollution pollution
3. Increasing "road rage" 3. Bike riding has physical and
from traffic-related psychological health benefits
stress
CAUSE-EFFECT
PATTERN

This pattern is used to show the


different causes and effects of
various conditions.
Cause-Effect
Patterns
I. Causes of Conflict I. Cause: Expanding the issues
Escalation
1. Effect: Lose focus on original
1. Expanding the issues
2. Personal attacks issues
2. Effect: Cycle of defensive
II. Effects of these causes responses
Lose focus on original issue II. Cause: Personal attacks
3. Cycle of defensive
responses 3. Effect: Negative emotions
4. Win-Lose orientation 4. Effect: Win-Lose orientation
5. Negative emotions
SEQUENTIAL PATTERN

It arranges information according


to a step-by-step sequence that
describes a particular process. 
Sequential Pattern
Example
I. Step One: Harvest the grapes
1. Harvesting procedure number one IV. Step Four: Press the grapes
2. Harvesting procedure number two

II. Step Two: Prepare the grapes 1.Pressing procedure number one
1. Preparation procedure number one 2.Pressing procedure number two
2. Preparation procedure number two

III. Step Three: Ferment the grapes V. Step Five: Age the wine
3. Fermenting procedure number one 1. Aging procedure number one
4. Fermenting procedure number two 2. Aging procedure number two
AVANTAGE-DISADVANTAGES
PATTERN

This pattern organizes information about


a topic by dividing it up into its "good"
and "bad" parts, or pro's and con's.
Advantages-
Disadvantages Example

I. Advantages

1. Cost
2. Accessibility

II. Disadvantages

3. Number of educational
programs
4. Quality of instruction
SPATIAL PATTERNS

A spatial pattern of organization arranges


information according to how things fit
together in physical space, i.e., where
one thing exists in relation to another. 
SPATIAL PATTERN
EXAMPLE

Topic: Supposed you are I. Downtown Waterfront


describing the forms of 1. Aquarium
2. Pike Place Market
entertainment available at
Seattle II. Seattle Center
1. Space Needle
2. Pacific Science Center

III. University District


3. University of Washington campus
4. The "Ave" (shops on University Avenue)
TOPICAL ORDER/PATTERN

A topical pattern arranges information


according to different sub-topics within a
larger topic, or the "types" of things that fall
within a larger category. Using this pattern,
each "type" represents a main section of
information.
TOPICAL ORDER
EXAMPLE
Topical Pattern Example (Based on Color)
I. Red Wines II. White Wines
A. European A. European
1. Bordeaux 1. Bordeaux
2. Burgundy 2. Burgundy
3. Chianti 3. Mosel

B. Californian B. Californian
4. Cabernet Sauvignon 4. Sauvignon Blanc
5. Pinot Noir 5. Chardonnay
6. Zinfandel 6. Riesling
Thank you for listening!

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questions?

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