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Phase Modulation: Prepared By: Engr. Iris T. Agne

This document discusses phase modulation and frequency modulation. It provides the general equation for a phase modulated wave and compares phase modulation to frequency modulation. It discusses how the modulation index changes when the modulating frequency is changed for each type of modulation. An example problem is worked through to show how to rewrite a phase modulated wave if the modulating frequency is halved. The document also discusses demodulation, functions of a receiver, and features of a tuned radio frequency receiver.

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Jayson Coz
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30 views

Phase Modulation: Prepared By: Engr. Iris T. Agne

This document discusses phase modulation and frequency modulation. It provides the general equation for a phase modulated wave and compares phase modulation to frequency modulation. It discusses how the modulation index changes when the modulating frequency is changed for each type of modulation. An example problem is worked through to show how to rewrite a phase modulated wave if the modulating frequency is halved. The document also discusses demodulation, functions of a receiver, and features of a tuned radio frequency receiver.

Uploaded by

Jayson Coz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHASE

MODULATION

PREPARED BY:

ENGR. IRIS T. AGNE


Phase Modulation

modulation wherein the phase of the carrier is


made proportional to the instantaneous value of
the modulating signal
General Equation of the PM Wave

ѵPM(t) = Vc sin(ωc t + mp sin ωm t)

where
mp = kpVm
mp = modulation index
kp = proportionality constant

Under identical conditions:


mp = mf but when fm is changed
mp k

mf changed
Example
The equation of an angle modulated wave is
ν(t) = 15 sin (3x108t + 20 sin 2000t). Calculate the maximum deviation.
Rewrite this equation if the modulating frequency is halved, but all else
remains constant, assuming that the wave is:
a. frequency modulated
b. phase modulated

Given
νPM (t) = 15 sin (3x108t + 20 sin 2000t)

Solution

fm = 318.31 Hz δ = 6.37 kHz


Solution
a. frequency modulated

νFM (t) = 15 sin (3x108t + 40 sin 1000t)

b. phase modulated
νPM (t) = 15 sin (3x108t + 20 sin 1000t)
Frequency Modulation vs. Phase Modulation

Comparisons Phase Modulation Frequency Modulation


deviation (δ) δp is proportional to δf is proportional to Vm
Vm, independent on fm

modulation index mp is proportional to mf is proportional to


Vm Vm
and inversely
proportional to fm

when fm is changed mp will remain mf will increase as fm is


constant reduced, vice versa
Demodulation
 the process by which the modulating signal is
recovered from the modulated carrier
 found in receivers

Functions of a Receiver
1. selects the desired signal
2. amplifies
3. demodulates / detects
4. displays

Standard AM Receivers
1. Tuned Radio Frequency
2. Superheterodyne Receiver
Tuned Radio Frequency (TRF) Receiver
 a simple “logical” receiver
 simplicity and high sensitivity
 aligned at broadcast frequencies 535 – 1640 Hz

Power
amplifier

1st RF 2nd RF AM AF
amplifier amplifier detector amplifier

ganged
RF Amplifier
It amplifies weak signal from the antenna. It has a
variable resistor that controls the RF gain and
sensitivity.

Detector
It provides rectification and detection for
modulated signals.

AF Amplifier
Volume – controlled amplifier that raises the power
level of the audio (AF) signal to a value sufficient to
drive the loudspeaker of the receiver.
NOTE
RF stage provides greater gain, prevention of re –radiation of the
local oscillator, improved rejection of adjacent unwanted signals and
better coupling of antenna with the receiver.

Problems in TRF Receivers


1. instability
2. insufficient adjacent frequency
rejection
3. bandwidth radiations

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