• MUTE & VIDEO ON

• RAISE YOUR HAND

• DON’T TALK WHILE OTHERS ARE

TALKING

• BE RESPECTFUL & KIND

 Using Various
Strategies in Order to
Avoid Communication
Breakdown
Communication breakdown is failure in
communication due to various barriers in
communication. These barriers are related to
the sender, message, channel, and the
receiver. Communication is very important in
any human relation. Every person needs to
always guard against communication
breakdown. People should always see to it that
their communication is effective and efficient
by avoiding creating a barrier for others.
In effective communication, speakers do
not only communicate using their words
but also with their actions. They should
also see to it that the actions they make
must match with what they say,
otherwise, miscommunication may take
place.
Communication using words is called
verbal communication while
communication without words such as
facial expression and hand gestures is
called non-verbal communication.
Communication can take among people
with or without words. There are two
types of communication: verbal and non-
verbal.
 VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
Verbal communication is the use of
words in sharing information with
other people. It can include both
spoken and written
communication.
Spoken communication is mostly face-to-
face, but nowadays, technology such as
phone and internet allow people to
communicate with others without being at
the same place at the same time. The
verbal element of communication is all
about the words one chooses and how the
receiver interprets it.
The purpose of communication is to
convey information to others. Through
the choice of written and spoken words,
ideas are exchanged. Unfortunately,
miscommunication is common, many
times that participants in a
communication process fail to
understand what are said or written.
There are possible barriers to verbal
communication. First, people themselves
participating in the interaction can be the
barriers. They may have poor infirmities
such as poor hearing or eyesight and
others stutter.
People have different opinions and beliefs;
they follow cultural mores (values, customs,
and behaviors that are accepted by a
particular group); or they adhere to society’s
attitudes toward gender and sexuality,
business practices, and religious beliefs. The
factors mentioned above can lead to their
inability to deliver, listen to, and respond
appropriately to the message.
Opinions and beliefs color our
message or our response. The
participants, both speaker and
listener have opinions and beliefs
that belong to a culture and a
gender.
Gender comes into communication
when people categorize certain ways
of speaking or using words as being
masculine or feminine. Many people
do not expect men to be soft spoken
or have a high-pitched voice or
women having harsh and a low-
pitched voice.
The topic may also be a barrier to
communication because of its vagueness,
complexity, emotional pull, or hidden
agenda. The speaker must avoid these
qualities in the topic of the message so
that, instead, it will be clear, simple,
restrained, and with no hidden motives.
Communicative Situation is another
group of possible barriers to
communication. There may be “noise” in
the physical setting and in the
participants themselves. The actual
noise from the surrounding may cause
the participants to understand one
another.
At the same time, the participants may have
their own motives for participating, motives
that are not aligned with or support the
speaker’s purpose for communicating. The
audience must know whether the speaker is
there to entertain or to persuade. The listener
may not have enough knowledge or
experience to form a basis for interpreting
and responding to the message.
Language Choice also leads to
communication breakdown. The linguistic
differences among the participants can be a
barrier to communication. Some words
used by the speaker may mean different
things to others. Depending on how a word
is used, it can easily be misinterpreted by
another person. The speaker must be very
careful with the words he uses.
 NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION
Transmitting messages without using words is
called non-verbal communication. It is
conveyed as visual cues. Gestures, facial
expressions, giving flowers, choosing a color
of what to wear, or putting a forefinger in
front of lips are just some examples of non-
verbal communication. Although no word is
used, non-verbal communication can
effectively communicate many human
feelings.
Non-verbal communication includes the following:
1. Language of 7. Language of touch
gestures 8. Posture and Body
2. Facial Expression Orientation
3. Language of colors
4. Language of flowers
5. Language of space
6. Language of time
Language of gestures
Gestures are the most often used type of non-
verbal communication. To be more
understandable and interesting to a listener, the
speaker must accompany his/her speech with
gestures but one has to consider the culture of
the receiver because gestures have different
meanings in other places. In the Philippines and
other countries, nodding means yes but it is the
opposite in the Middle East.
Language of gestures
a. Emblems – clenched fist upraised
b. Emphasizing – “YES” clenched both fists in
front of breast
c. Illustrating – “this large” (open hands set
apart)
d.Regulating – “shh” forefinger in front of lips
Facial Expression
The face plays a very important role in
communication. It expresses various types of
emotions or feelings such as joy, sorrow, anger,
annoyance, confusion, fear, hatred or surprise.
Within the facial area, eyes are especially effective
for indicating attention and interest. However,
interpretations of facial expressions differ from
culture to culture.
Language of colors
People choose colors based on the meaning of
each. Colors have certain meanings based on the
dictates of culture and gender. In the Philippines,
most parents prepare everything in blue for baby
boys and pink for baby girls. People wear black
when they grieve while others wear white.
Language of flowers
Flowers are also used to say what we cannot
expressed in words. These meanings are also
influenced by culture and gender. In the Philippines,
men send flowers to women. When men give
flowers, it reflects their reference to women as
delicate and feminine. It indicates special
treatment. When a man gives a woman flowers, it's
a sure sign that she is someone very dear to him.
Language of flowers
Using flowers can create conflict if one does not
know the culture of a place. In the Philippines, one
will be annoyed if someone gives her plumeria or
kalachi. In Hawaii, they give kalachuchi to welcome
guests. Italians send chrysanthemums for special
occasions, but Filipinos generally see them in
funeral arrangements.
Language of space
Language of space or proxemics is the use of space
based on importance. This type of non-verbal
communication is similarly used as chronemics by
people who want to show who they are. In some
companies, the one who holds the highest position
usually has the biggest office and in the best location
such as on the top floor or penthouse of the building.
Distance can express the degree of intimacy and
individual acceptance.
Language of time

Language of time or chronemics is the use of

time based on position and power. In the
Philippines, time is most often used to convey
how powerful a person is. Someone in authority
may show that his/her time is more important
than that of the visitors by making them wait.
Language of touch
Language of touch also known as Haptics can
also be used to expressed what cannot be said. It
is also one of the most powerful of the types of
non-verbal communication. Unlike the other
types, in Haptics, there is contact between the
sender and the receiver of the message. Touch
can comfort, encourage, dissuade, or aggravate.
Paralanguage
Paralanguage refers to the “how” of saying
something other than what is said. The meaning
of words spoken depends on how they are said.
Tones, voices, and rhythm must match the
content of the message if the message is to be
understood at all; they reinforce the message.
The words with strong points to deliver must be
emphasized with strong paralanguage.
Posture and Body Orientation
Posture and body orientation are also a type of non-
verbal communication. How one stands or sits tells the
people around how one sees oneself as a speaker, how
he/she sees the listeners, and his attitude toward the
message.
Posture and Body Orientation
One can communicate numerous messages by the way
he walks. Standing erect, but not rigid, and leaning
slightly forward may mean that one is approachable,
friendly, and receptive.
Posture and Body Orientation
Rarely does communication take place without being
accompanied or substituted by any of these types of
non-verbal communication. One must always
remember that all of these are culture-bound or
specific to some cultures but not in others.
Communication breakdown takes place when culture
concepts clash or simply do not meet.
Posture and Body Orientation
Rarely does communication take place without being
accompanied or substituted by any of these types of
non-verbal communication. One must always
remember that all of these are culture-bound or
specific to some cultures but not in others.
Communication breakdown takes place when culture
concepts clash or simply do not meet.
How Emojis
Have Changed
the Way We
Communicate
The Rise of Emojis

Emojis, the little colorful icons

and pictures you can add to text
messages, can represent a variety
of things—from faces to sports, to
nature, and transportation.
The Rise of Emojis

With the rise of social media and

smartphones, they are firmly
entrenched in the way people
communicate textually. So much so
that many smartphone keyboards
suggest emojis based on the words
you type, saving you from having to
search for the perfect one to use.
The Rise of Emojis

This comes as no surprise since
texting is a short form of
communication, so it makes sense that
people want to make their
communication brief and simple. After
all, people have used symbols to
communicate for hundreds of years.

Emoticons are the digital

predecessors of emoji, starting out as
smiley faces using punctuation marks. 
The Rise of Emojis

However, Internet users have

devised and learned to use
emoticons to assist their
communications. This study
examined emoticons as a
communication tool that,
although presented as verbal
cues, perform nonverbal
communication functions. We
therefore termed emojis quasi-
nonverbal cues.
How Emojis Act as Language
Language adapts with time and emojis
are one of the ways that online
communication has evolved. It can be
argued that emojis make online
communication richer and more emotive.
In text, they’re the substitute for gestures,
tone of voice, and facial expressions.
When it comes to using emojis,
there aren't really grammatical rules to use
as a guideline. It comes down to context.
How Emojis Act as Language
People have also transformed the
meaning of certain emojis, allocating
inferred or metaphorical meanings to
them that are culturally understood. For
example, the skull emoji can be used in
response to something funny or
embarrassing and people share the
flames emoji when something is
considered cool.
How Emojis Act as Language
Words can easily be misconstrued
through text, but emojis can help make
the distinction of intent clearer. For
instance, emojis can be the difference
between a message being understood as
sarcastic or not. Emojis can also be
repeated to show emphasis, a practice
not usually done with English words.
How Emojis Act as Language
Linguist Gretchen McCulloch argues
that the internet changes the way we use
language and the way we think about it. It
has become part of a language that is
democratic, where humans online
collectively negotiate meanings of things
like emojis.
Emoticon vs. Emoji: The Key Differences Explained
Thought they were the same? Here's how to tell emoticons
and emoji apart.
Emoticon vs. Emoji: The Key Differences Explained
Emoji and emoticon is not the same thing, and don't let the internet tell you
otherwise. The two terms have been used interchangeably even by media giants like 
New York Times and BBC, but they do, in fact, mean different things.
What causes confusion is that both emoticons and emojis are used to spice up text
conversations and inject them with emotion. And it doesn't help that they sound
alike.
But the difference between them is actually very simple: emoticons are
combinations of symbols available on your keyboard, like letters and punctuation
marks, while emoji are pictures. We'll explain this in more detail.
What Is an Emoticon?
As we briefly explained above, an emoticon is a set of punctuation marks,
letters, and numbers arranged to resemble a human face. Each emoticon
is more or less universally understood and denotes a certain emotion, or
sometimes an object. For example, :-D means laughing or a big grin, :-O is
for surprise, and <3 is the closest you get to a heart.
Eastern and Western cultures have completely different sets of
emoticons, though. Western ones are to be read sideways, from left to
right, while Eastern emoticons don't need to be rotated and can
sometimes use non-Latin characters.
What Is an Emoji?
An emoji (plural emoji or emojis) is a
pictogram, a small picture that can show
anything from a smiling face to a mango to a
cigarette butt. New emoji appear every year to
the delight of smartphone users. The
word emoji essentially means "picture-character"
(from Japanese e - "picture," and moji - "letter,
character").
Several thousand emoji have corresponding
codes in Unicode, a computing industry standard
for encoding. Messengers, social media apps,
and browsers read the code and show you a
graphic that matches it. Different software can
have slightly different graphics, which is why an
emoji you send from an iPhone is not quite what
the recipient sees on an Android phone.
What Is a Smiley, Then?

Generally speaking, smiley is a graphic representation of a smiling

face, whatever the form. The original emoticon :-) counts as a
smiley, and so does the Slightly Smiling Face emoji.
Originally, smiley was the yellow smiling face that was designed in
1963 and became a symbol of the rave culture. But when emoticons
entered chatrooms, we started calling them smileys as well. In ICQ,
Yahoo Messenger, and other turn-of-the-century hangouts, smileys
became more elaborate, varied, and even animated.
How and When Did Emoji Replace Emoticons?
Shigetaka Kurita, then an interface
designer for a Japanese mobile operator,
created the first popular emoji in 1999.
There were others two years earlier, but
it's the 1999 set that became popular in
Japan, as mobile operators added it to
their messaging features.
The first set included a total of 176
icons, denoting things like emotions,
weather, sports, and everyday objects.
How and When Did Emoji Replace Emoticons?
In 2010 emoji were added to the
Unicode standard, and that allowed tech
giants like Apple and Google to bring
emoji to their users' devices. Once iPhone
and Android users were able to add those
cute little pictures to their messages and
posts, they gleefully did so. Emoticons,
which used to dominate text messages,
became few and between.
As you know, by now emoji have pretty
much pushed emoticons out of online
conversations.
 These go-to forms of expression have the power
to transcend language barriers.
While some people may frown upon the use of
emojis as frivolous, there's no doubt that they've
made our online communication richer and more
nuanced.
5 Ways to Avoid Communication Breakdown
by Ronnie Peterson

PART 2
1. Have Clarity of thought before speaking

Arrange your thoughts before verbalizing them

this can help you communicate much more
clearly and succinctly. It's a better idea to say
something like, "I've got a few ideas here. Let
me go through them one at a time. We can
treat each one on its own merit."
2. Learn to Listen
As simple as it sounds, you’ll be surprised how many
people out there don’t know how to listen well.
Not understanding those who you are trying to
communicate with will lead to a conversation
fraught with misunderstandings. Don’t be afraid to
ask them to repeat or explain further in polite
manner once you don’t understand the point.
3. Take Care of your Body Language and Tone

Keep your emotions in check, try to maintain

eye contact, and adopt a relaxed tone when
conversing with others.
4. Build up your confidence by asking for
feedback and observing others
Focus on improving your skills by practicing in front of
those who you may feel more comfortable with. You
can also ask those whose advice you value to give you
feedback and critique your communication style after a
discussion.
5. Communicate Face to Face on the important
issues
Having that face to face dialogue means you can
convey your point more clearly, with your body
language as well as your tone of voice.
It can also help to clear up any misunderstandings
or distortion of the message that could occur
through other mediums.
 Remember, becoming an effective
communicator takes time and
practice. Over time, using these
strategies can lead to better
communication in your personal
relationships, and more productive
workplace environments as well.
Here are some strategies to avoid
communication breakdown
(Quipper)
Keep Focused
One way of being focused is to put in mind the
purpose communication. As a speaker identify
your purpose for speaking and as a listener find
the speaker’s purpose thru his/her verbal and
non-verbal cues.
Speak Intelligibly
Speaking intelligibly or clearly means using the
appropriate speaking volume, pitch rate, proper
enunciation, stress, and acceptable
pronunciation. We speak in order to be
understood.
Listen with your Ears and Eyes
Pay attention to verbal and non-verbal message.
Effective communication depends on what people
say and how they say it.
Minimize Distractions
Look for a place where you can minimize
distractions or noise like closed area, empty
room, or quiet places. Lessening the cause
for confusion means giving more room to
focus and concentrate.
Be Specific
Use simple and concise words as much as
possible in delivering a message. Being
specific means being particular and direct to
the point.
Do not Jump to Conclusions
Before you give your comments and
judgement, be sure that you have listened
attentively to the speaker. Conclusions
should be drawn after a thorough analysis of
point given or information received.
7Cs of Effective
Communication
Tips on How to Avoid Communication
Breakdown
Completeness
It is important to whole communication
process. The speaker should include
everything that the receiver needs to hear,
respond, react, or evaluate properly. S/he
should be able to convey all pertinent details
so listener or audience will be able to grasp
the intended message.
Conciseness
The message should be direct or straight to
the point and should be expressed in the
least possible number of words. Irrelevant
information should not be included.
Consideration
In order to be effective, the speaker should
give high regard and courtesy to audience’s
background information such as his/her
culture, education, religion, status, mood,
feelings, and needs. This will result in
building rapport or connection with the
audience.
Concreteness
Effective communication is backed up by
facts, figures, and real-life examples or
situations. This will make the receiver to
understand the message better
Courtesy
The speaker can show respect to his/her receivers through
understanding their culture, values, and beliefs. The speaker
can show respect to the listeners by demonstrating an
understanding of their beliefs, values, and culture. This
implies good choice of words and language and a
consideration of the audience’s perspectives and feelings on
the part of the sender. Showing courtesy helps create a
positive vibe with the audience. This implies good choice of
words and language on the part of the sender and
consideration of audience’s perspectives.
Clearness
It implies the use of simple and specific
words to express ideas. When the speaker
focuses on specific ideas, it will not confuse
the audience.
Correctness
Avoiding mistakes in grammar helps to boost
the credibility and effectiveness of the
message, and at the same time it eliminates
negative impact on the audience.
Helpful Expressions to Avoid Communication Breakdown
IMPORTANT REMINDERS

•EXAMINATION
•MAY 11 @4PM
• 4TH QUARTER 1ST LESSON
•MAY 13 @10 AM