TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERN

Types of Patterns

1. Arch  
 Plain,
 tented

2. Loop  
 Radial Loop,
 Ulnar Loop)

3. Whorl
 Plain Whorl,
 Central Pocket Loop Whorl,
 Double Loop Whorl,
 Accidental Whorl)
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
 

ARCH
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
 
1. PLAIN ARCH
 
A type of fingerprint pattern where the
majority of the ridges came from one side
then flow to the other side with the slight rise
at the center. It has no delta and core.
Characteristic of Plain Arc

1. Ridges enter upon one side 

2. Make a rise or wave in the center
3. Flow or tend to flow out upon the
opposite side.
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
 

2. TENTED ARCH
 In the tented arch, most of the ridges enters in one
side of the impression then flow or tend out upon
the other side with a rise at the center giving 90
degrees more or less and with a present of up thrust.
It has no delta and core.
Three types of tented arches:
 
1. The type in which ridges at the center form a
definite angel: i.e. 90 or less

2. The type in which one or more ridges at the

center form an up thrust is an ending ridge of any
length rising at a sufficient degree from the
horizontal plain, 450 degree or more.

3. The type approaching the loop type possessing

two of the basic or essential characteristics of the
loop, but lacking the third.
Two of The Three basic characteristics of
the loop

1. Ulnar loop - flow toward the little finger -

ulnar bone.

2. Radial Loop - flow toward the thumb - radius

bone
Three types of tented arches:
  
The arches and some of the loop are often
confused. It should be remembered that the
mere converging of two ridges does not form a
re-curve, without which there can be no loop. In
the other hand, there are many patterns which
at first sight resemble tented arches but which
on abuse inspection are found to be loop, as
when one looping ridge will be found in an
almost vertical position within the pattern are
entirely free from and passing in front of the
delta.
Types of Tented Arc

1. Angle
2. Upthrust
3. Two of The Three basic characteristics of the loop
                                  
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
 

LOOP
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS 

Loop 
1. One or more ridges enter upon either side
2. Recurve
3. Touch or pass an imaginary line between
delta and core
4. Pass out or tend to pass out upon the same
side the ridges entered                 
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS 

 Three Loop Characteristics

1. A sufficient re curve

2. A Delta

 3. A ridge count across a looping ridge

TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
 
1. ULNAR LOOP
 A Type of fingerprint pattern, which possesses a delta,
core, and one or more ridge forming a sufficient recurve
within the pattern area. The slope or downward flow of
the innermost sufficient recurve is towards the little
finger or to the ulna bone of the hand of origin
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
 
1. CORE AND DELTA

Forensically,

fingerprint core is defined as the innermost turning

point where the fingerprint ridges form a loop

fingerprint delta is defined as the point where these

ridges form a triangulating shape (Leonard, 1988).
Figure 1 depicts a fingerprint with the core and delta
denoted by the circle and the triangle, respectively. 
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
 
1. CORE AND DELTA
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
 
2. RADIAL LOOP
 A type of fingerprint pattern, which possesses one
delta and one core, and one or more ridges within the
pattern area, formed a sufficient recurve. The flow of
the innermost ridges is towards the thumb or to the
radius bone of the hand of origin.
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
 

 Ulnar loop - flow toward the little finger - ulna

bone.

      

adial Loop - flow toward the thumb - radius bone.

ULNAR VS RADIAL LOOP
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
 

WHORL
                          3. Between which, when an imaginary line is
                             drawn, at least one recurving ridge within
                             the inner pattern area is cut or touched.

            Central Pocket Loop - 1. Consists of at least one recurving

                                                    ridge or
                                                2. An obstruction at right angles to
                                                     the line of flow
                                                3. With 2 delta's
                                                4. Between which, when an imaginary
                                                    line is drawn, no recurving ridge
                                                    within the inner pattern area is
                                                    cut or touched.

            Double Loop - 1. Consists of two separate loop formations

                                    2. With two separate and distinct set of
                                        shoulders and
                                    3. Two delta's

            Accidental Whorl - 1. Consists of a combination of two

                                               different types of patterns with the
                                              exception of the plain arch
                                          2. With 2 or more delta's or
                                         3. A pattern which possesses some of the
                                             requirements for 2 or more different
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
 
1. THE PLAIN WORL
 
The plain has two deltas and one core and at least one
ridge making a complete circuit, which may be spiral,
oval, circular or any variant of a circle. And when an
imaginary line drawn between the two deltas it must
touch or cross at least one of the re-curving ridges
within forming a complete circuit within the pattern
area. A re-curving, however, which an appendage
connected with it in the line of flow cannot be
construed as a circuit. An appendage connected to the
points is considered to spin the re-curve on that side.
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
 
1. THE PLAIN WHORL

  Consists of one or more ridges which make

  or tend to make a complete circuit

 With 2 delta's

 Between which, when an imaginary line is

drawn, at least one recurving ridge within
the inner pattern area is cut or touched.

             
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
 
1. THE PLAIN WORL
 
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
 
2. CENTRAL POCKET LOOP
 
The central pocket loop type of whorl has two deltas
and least one ridge making a complete circuit, which
may be spiral, oval, circular, or any variant of a circle. An
imaginary line drawn between the two deltas must not
touch or cross any of the recurving ridges within the
inner pattern area. A recurving ridge, however, which
has an appendage connected within the line of flow and
on the delta side, cannot be constructed as a circuit. An
appendage connected at that point is considered to
spoil the re-curve on that side.
 
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
 
2. CENTRAL POCKET LOOP

On lieu of re-curve in front of the delta is the inner

pattern area; an obstruction at the right angle to the
line of flow will suffice.
 
It is necessary that the inner line of flow be fixed
artificially. The inner line of flow is determined by
drawing a line between the inner delta and center of
the innermost re-curve or looping ridge.
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
 
2. CENTRAL POCKET LOOP

Consists of at least one recurving ridge or

An obstruction at right angles to the line of flow

With 2 delta's

Between which, when an imaginary line is drawn,

no recurving ridge within the inner pattern area is
cut or touched
.                                                                                 
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
 
2. CENTRAL POCKET LOOP  
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
 
3. DOUBLE LOOP
 
The double loop consists of two separate loop
formation with two separate and distinct sets of
shoulders and two deltas.
 
The world “separate” as used here, does not mean
unconnected. The two loop may be connected by an
appending ridge provided aid. It does not turn about at
the right angle between the shoulders of the loop
formation. The appendage rule for the loop applies also
to the double loop.
 
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
 
3. DOUBLE LOOP
 
The fact that there must be two separate loop
formation eliminates from consideration as a double
loop the “S” type core, the interlocking type core, and
the formations with one loop inside another.
 
It is essential that both sides of a loop be equal length,
nor that the two loops be of the same size. Neither is it
materials from which side the loop enters.
 
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
 
3. DOUBLE LOOP 

 Consists of two separate loop

formations

 With two separate and distinct set of

shoulders and

 Two delta's
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
 
3. DOUBLE LOOP 
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
 
5. ACCIDENTAL WHORL
 
The accidental whorl is a pattern consisting of a
combination of two different types of pattern with the
exception of plain arch, with two or more deltas; or a
pattern, which possesses some of the requirements for
two or more different types; or a pattern, which conforms
to none of the definitions. It may be a combination of
loop and tented arch, loop and whorl, loop and whorl,
loop and central pocket loop, double loop and central
pocket loop or other combination. The plain arch is
excluded,
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
 
5. ACCIDENTAL WHORL 

 Consists of a combination of two different types of patterns

with the  exception of the plain arch

 With 2 or more delta's or

 A pattern which possesses some of the requirements for 2 or

more different types or a pattern which conforms to  none of
the definitions.                                          
                   
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
 
5. ACCIDENTAL WHORL 
 FINGERPRINT CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
(Henry system with FBI modification and extension)
 
FINGERPRINT CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM (Henry system
with FBI modification and extension)
 
Sir, Edward Richard Henry – Simplified the use of
finger print and made it applicable into police works
 
Mr. A.J Renoe- Superintendent of the U.S dept of
justice fingerprint bureau (1920), the Bureau was
located in the Penitentiary Leavenworth, Kansas. He
devised what was known as the A.J Renoe Extensions
and modification.
 
FINGERPRINT CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM (Henry
system with FBI modification and extension)
  
William Burns- Head of U.S secret service (1924)
he made division and accumulation of fingerprint
record cards into sufficiently small groups.
 
J. Edgar Hoover- Devised further extension,
which in turn have been revised from time to
time until present. He made an adequate file
containing many million of fingerprint. 
FINGERPRINT CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
(Henry system with FBI modification and
extension)
  
Note: The entire plan or further revision is
based on the Henry System of
classification.