II

g functions
PRESENTED BY
M.YUGANDHAR
CSE DEPARTMENT
AITAM
 String Handling
• String is an array of characters(A string is actually a on dimensional array of characters).

• String is a sequence of characters that are treated as a single data item and terminated by a null
character '\0'. 
String Declaration and initialization:
• Method 1: char arrayname[ ]={'H', 'E', 'L', 'L', 'O', '\0'};
• Method 2: char arrayname[ ]="HELLO";

• In the above declaration NULL character (\0) will automatically be inserted at the end of the string.
• What is NULL Char “\0”?
'\0' represents the end of the string. It is also referred as String terminator & Null Character.

 
 String Handling
#include <stdio.h>
char a[] = "Hello" void main ()
{

char a[6] = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '\0'};

printf(" %s", a);

Note: %s format specifier is used for strings input/output

 gets() and puts()
gets() and puts()
• Functions gets() and puts() are two string functions to take string input from the
user and display it respectively.

Note:
• Though, gets() and puts() function handle strings, both these functions are defined
in "stdio.h" header file.

• C supports a large number of string handling functions in the standard library

"string.h".
 String I/O in C programming
Read & write Strings in C using Printf() Read & Write Strings in C using gets() and
and Scanf() functions puts() functions
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h> #include <string.h>
void main() void main()
{ {
char a[20]; char a[20];
printf("Enter your name: "); puts("Enter your name:");
scanf("%s", a); gets(a);
printf("%s", a); puts(a);
} }

Output: Output:
Enter your name: Sanket Enter your name: Sanket
Sanket Sanket
commonly used string handling functions

Function Work of Function

strlen( ) computes string's length
strcpy( ) copies a string to another
strcat( ) concatenates(joins) two strings
strcmp( ) compares two strings
strlwr( ) converts string to lowercase
strupr( ) converts string to uppercase
 1. strlen()
• It is used to computes string's length

• strlen returns you the length of the string stored in array.

• However sizeof returns the total allocated size assigned to the array.

Syntax:
Int var.name = strlen(string or arrayname)
Example of strlen():

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void main()
{
char str1[20] = "vaishnavtej";
int a=strlen(str1);
printf("Length of string str1: %d", a);
}

Output:
Length of string str1: 11
 2.strcpy()
• It copies the string str2 into string str1, including the end character (terminator char
‘\0’).

Syntax:
strcpy(destination,source)

Or

strcpy(str1,str2)
 Example of strcpy()
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void main()
{
char s1[30] = "sanket";
char s2[30] = "sohel";
/* this function has copied s2 into s1*/
strcpy(s1,s2);
printf("s1 = %s", s1);
printf("s2 = %s", s2);
}
 3.stringlwr() Syntax:
•It will convert string into lowercase strlwr(string/arrayname )

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char str[ ] = "MAKE YOUR DREAMS COME TRUE";
printf(“Lowercase: %s", strlwr(str) );
}
Output:
Lowercase: make your dreams come true
 4.stringupr() Syntax:
•It will convert string into uppercase strupr(string /arrayname)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char str[ ] = “dreams don’t work unless you take action";
printf("Uppercase: %s", strupr(str) );
}
Output:
Uppercase: DREAMS DON’T WORK UNLESS YOU TAKE ACTION
 5.strcat()
• It concatenates two strings and returns the concatenated string.

• Right side string will be added to at the end of the left side string.

• It concatenates n characters of str2 to string str1. A terminator char (‘\0’) will

always be appended at the end of the concatenated string.

Syntax:
strcat(string1,string2)
 5.strcat()
#include<stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h> #include <string.h>
Void main() void main()
{ {
char s1[30] = “Sanket"; char s1[10] = "Sanket";
char s2[10] = “Sahadev"; char s2[10] = "Sahadev";
strcat(s1,s2); strncat(s1,s2, 4); //it take first 3
printf("after concatenation: %s",s1); characters from second string to
} first string
printf("Concatenation : %s", s1);
Output: after concatenation: SanketSahadev }

Output: Concatenation :
SanketSaha
 6. strcmp ()
• It compares the two strings and returns an integer value.
• If string1 < string2 then it would result in a negative value.
• If string1 > string2 then it would return positive value.
• If string1 == string2 then you would get 0(zero) when you use this function for
compare strings.

Syntax:
strcmp(string1,string2 )
 6. strcmp ()
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void main()
{
char s1[20] = “Geetham";
char s2[20] = “geetham";
if (strcmp(s1, s2) ==0)
{
printf("string 1 and string 2 are equal");
}
else
{
printf("string 1 and 2 are different
}
}
Output: string 1 and 2 are different
 7. strrev()
• This function is used to reverses a given string.

Syntax:
strrev(string/arrayname );
 7. strrev()
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char a[30] = “hello”;

printf(“String before reverse : %s\n”, a);

printf(“String after reverse : %s ”, strrev(a) );

}

Output: String before reverse : hello

String after reverse : olleh
Other String functions