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TO Industrial Chemicals & Polymers: Dr. Y.B. Vasudeo

The document provides an overview of industrial chemicals and polymers. It discusses the raw materials used, including natural gas, crude oil, and biomass. It then summarizes the main chemicals derived from natural gas and petroleum, including ethylene, propylene, butenes, butadiene, methane, benzene, toluene, and xylenes. For each of these chemicals, it lists the polymers and other chemicals that can be derived from them. The document concludes by noting that commodity polymer businesses are governed by factors like feedstock availability and price, refining technology, geopolitics, and the economy of scale.

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ROHAN KULKARNI
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26 views

TO Industrial Chemicals & Polymers: Dr. Y.B. Vasudeo

The document provides an overview of industrial chemicals and polymers. It discusses the raw materials used, including natural gas, crude oil, and biomass. It then summarizes the main chemicals derived from natural gas and petroleum, including ethylene, propylene, butenes, butadiene, methane, benzene, toluene, and xylenes. For each of these chemicals, it lists the polymers and other chemicals that can be derived from them. The document concludes by noting that commodity polymer businesses are governed by factors like feedstock availability and price, refining technology, geopolitics, and the economy of scale.

Uploaded by

ROHAN KULKARNI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

INTRODUCTION
TO
INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS & POLYMERS

Dr. Y.B. Vasudeo


Sr. Vice President
Product Application & Research Centre
Reliance Industries Limited
Mumbai

Two-Day Short IPI Course on


“Plastics Technology For Non-Plastics Professionals”,
Mumbai, January 11 - 12, 2002
2

Scope of Lecture
 Part A : Theoretical Background
 Raw materials and basic buildingblocks
 Chemicals and polymers from natural gas &
petroleum
 Chemicals & polymers from raw materials
 Properties of polymers

 Part B : Techno-Commercial Aspects


 PE business
 PP business
 PVC business
 PS business
 Polyester business
3

PART A

Theoretical Background
4

Raw Materials For Chemical &


Polymer Industry

 Coal

 Natural gas

 Crude oil

 Bio-mass
5

Main Sources Of
Industrial Organic Chemicals

 Natural gas

 Petroleum

From them came seven


chemical building
blocks on which a vast
organic chemical
industry is based
6

Chemicals From Natural Gas & Petroleum

 Seven basic chemical building block


 Ethylene derived from both
 Propylene
 Butenes & Butadiene
 Methane derived mainly from natural gas
 Benzene
 Toluene derived from petroleum
 Xylenes
7

Overview Of
Hazira Petrochemicals Complex
8

Petroleum Distillation
9

Petroleum Refining Reactions

Steam Cracking & Catalytic Reforming


10

Polymers From Ethylene


11

Polymers From Ethylene


12

Polymers From
Ethylene
13

Polypropylene Plant
14

Chemicals & Polymers From Propylene


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Chemicals & Polymers From Propylene


16

Chemicals &
Polymers From
Propylene
17

Chemicals & Polymers From C4 Stream


Typical Composition of a C4 Olefin Fracton from
Steam Cracking of Naphtha

Component Percentage
C3 0.5
n-Butene 3
Isobutane 1
Isobutene 23
1-Butene 14
2-Butene 11
Butadiene 47
C5,other 0.5
18

Chemicals & Polymers From C4 Stream


19

Chemicals & Polymers From C4 Stream


20

Chemicals & Polymers From Butadiene

 Polybutadiene rubber  Hexamethylene diamine

 Styrene-butadienelatex  Nitrile rubber

 Styrene-butadiene rubber  Polychloroprene rubber

 ABS resin
21

Chemicals & Polymers From The C5 Stream


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Chemicals & Polymers From The C5 Stream


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Chemicals & Polymers From Benzene


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Chemicals & Polymers From Benzene


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Chemicals & Polymers From Benzene


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Chemicals & Polymers From Benzene


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Chemicals & Polymers From Benzene


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Chemicals & Polymers From Benzene


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Chemicals & Polymers From Benzene


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Chemicals & Polymers From Benzene


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Chemicals & Polymers From Benzene


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Chemicals & Polymers From Benzene


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Chemicals & Polymers From Benzene


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Chemicals & Polymers From Toluene


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Chemicals & Polymers From Toluene


36

Chemicals & Polymers From Xylenes


37

Overview Of
Paraxylene Plant
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Properties Of Polymers

 Polymers are distinguished on the basis of :


 Physical properties
 Mechanical properties
 Thermal properties
 Rheological properties
 Electrical properties
 Optical properties
 Organoleptic properties
40

PART B

Techno-Commercial

Aspects
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Polymer Business

in India
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U.S. Butadiene Supply 1970 - 2004


Historical and Forecast
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Conclusion

 Commodity polymer business is governed by


 Feedstock availability and price
 Refining technology
 Geo-political effects
 Fluctuation in dollar rate
 Economy of scale
 Product-mix from manufacturing technology
 Interpolymer competition

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