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Z Test and T Test

1) A company wants to test if their batteries last more than 40 hours using a sample of 15 batteries with a mean of 44.9 hours and standard deviation of 8.9 hours. 2) Using a one-sample t-test with an alpha of 0.05, the result is not significant as the z value is less than the critical value of 1.64, so we fail to reject the null hypothesis. 3) To test if eating fish makes one smarter, a sample of 12 people took fish oil and had a mean IQ of 107.6. Using a one-sample t-test with alpha 0.05 and a null hypothesis that the mean IQ is 100, the result is significant as

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Dr. POONAM KAUSHAL
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691 views

Z Test and T Test

1) A company wants to test if their batteries last more than 40 hours using a sample of 15 batteries with a mean of 44.9 hours and standard deviation of 8.9 hours. 2) Using a one-sample t-test with an alpha of 0.05, the result is not significant as the z value is less than the critical value of 1.64, so we fail to reject the null hypothesis. 3) To test if eating fish makes one smarter, a sample of 12 people took fish oil and had a mean IQ of 107.6. Using a one-sample t-test with alpha 0.05 and a null hypothesis that the mean IQ is 100, the result is significant as

Uploaded by

Dr. POONAM KAUSHAL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ONE SAMPLE

T-TEST AND Z-TEST


Z-TEST / T-TEST
A test of whether the mean of a normally
distributed population has a value specified
in a null hypothesis.
The z-test is used when
- the population standard deviation is known
or when n >3o.
The t-test is used when the standard
deviations are measured from the sample
and n 30.
ONE-SAMPLE Z-TEST

Test for the population mean from a large sample


with population standard deviation known

X 
z
/ n
EXAMPLE 1
The current rate for producing 5 amp
fuses at Neary Electric Co. is 250 per
hour. A new machine has been purchased
and installed that, according to the
supplier, will increase the production
rate. The production hours are normally
distributed. A sample of 35 randomly
selected hours from last month
revealed :the following measures:
251 249 255 252 250
248 249 253 254 251
246 259 260 259 258
256 258 260 261 262 At the .05 significance level can
261 250 249 249 247 Neary conclude that the new
machine is faster?
251 252 255 256 256
255 260 260 261 259
Step 1
State the null and alternate hypotheses.
H0: µ = 250 : Production rate is not significantly
different from 250 per hour.
H1: µ > 250 : Production rate is significantly higher than
250 per hour.

Step 2
Select the level of significance.
= .05.

Step 3
Find a test statistic.
Use the z distribution since s is not
known but n > 30.

Step 4
State the decision rule.
Reject the null hypothesis if z > 1.645 or,
using the p-value, the null hypothesis is
rejected if p < .05.
Step 5
Calculate the value of the test statistics

X  254.63  250
z   5.72
 n 4.79 35

Step 6
Make a decision and interpret the results.
o Since Computed z of 5.72 > Critical z of 1.645
Reject Ho

Step 7
State the conclusion.
The mean number of fuses produced is
significantly higher than 250 per hour.
Question : A teacher claims that the mean score of students in his class is greater
than 82 with a standard deviation of 20. If a sample of 81 students was selected with
a mean score of 90 then check if there is enough evidence to support this claim at a
0.05 significance level.

1. Solution: As the sample size is 81 and population standard deviation is known,


this is an example of a right-tailed one-sample z test.

2. H0 : μ=82
3. H1 : μ>82

4. From the z table the critical value at α = 1.645

As 3.6 > 1.645 thus, the null hypothesis is rejected and it is concluded that there is
enough evidence to support the teacher's claim.

Answer: Reject the null hypothesis


Q. An online medicine shop claims that the mean
delivery time for medicines is less than 120
minutes with a standard deviation of 30 minutes.
Is there enough evidence to support this claim at a
0.05 significance level if 49 orders were examined
with a mean of 100 minutes?
Solution: As the sample size is 49 and population standard
deviation is known, this is an example of a left-tailed one-
sample z test.
 H0 : μ=120
 H1 : μ<120

From the z table the critical value at α = -1.645. A negative


sign is used as this is a left tailed test.
 z = x−μ / σ√n
 x = 100, μ = 120, n = 49, σ = 30
z = -4.66

 As -4.66 < -1.645 thus, the null hypothesis is rejected and


it is concluded that there is enough evidence to support the
medicine shop's claim.
ONE-SAMPLE T-TEST
Test for the population mean from
a small sample with population
standard deviation unknown

X 
t
s/ n
Q1. Imagine a company wants to test the claim that their
batteries last more than 40 hours. Using a simple random
sample of 15 batteries yielded a mean of 44.9 hours, with a
standard deviation of 8.9 hours. Test this claim using a
significance level of 0.05.
Z value i.e., is greater than significance level value of 0.05 i.e. 1.64
Therefore we reject null hypothesis and accept alternate hypothessis
Q. One-sample t-test.

To test the hypothesis that eating fish makes one smarter, a random sample of
12 persons take a fish oil supplement for one year and then are given an IQ test.
Here are the results:
116 111 101 120 99 94 106 115 107 101 110 92

Test using the following hypotheses at the significance level 0.05, report the test
statistic, then summarize your conclusion. H0: μ = 100 Ha: μ > 100
we reject the null hypothesis at the significance level 0.05, and conclude
that the fish oil supplement did make a significant increase in the mean
IQ.

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