Hazrat Usman bin Affan

644-656 A.D
3RD CALIPH OF ISLAM
AND
SON IN LAW OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD (PBUH)
 :EARLY BIOGRAPHY(before Khilafat)

Usman was born to a highly respected family of Umayyad clan of Quraish to Affan ibn abi al-Aas and Arwa binte Kurayz. He was
a learned man who knew reading and writing. He inherited his father’s great wealth and business which flourished making him
one of the richest merchant of Makkah. Before embracing Islam, he was known by the name of Abu Amr. Hazrat Usman was first
among Umayyads to become a Muslim. After his conversion, his uncle used to torture him by tying him with ropes and beating
him but he never renounced his religion and bore all sufferings patiently. He was one of the ten companions who were included in
‘Asharah Mubasharah’. He had the honour of becoming the son-in-law of Prophet twice as he married two of the Prophet’s
daughters named Ruqayyah and Umm-e-kulsum. This way he was called ‘Zun Nurayn’ (the possessor of two lights). He migrated
in the way of Allah twice, first to Abyssinia and then to Madina. He earned the tite of ‘Ghani’ because of his renowned generosity
and bountiness. He helped muslims finantially on various occasions e.g he ensured food supply to muslims when they were
besieged Shi’ib bi Abi Talib facing the boycott by Quraish, he bought the well for muslims from Jews when they were facing
scarcity of water, he financed the entire project of extension of Masjid-e-Nabawi, he donated generously during Tabuk expedition,
a famine broke out during Hazrat Umaer’s Caliphate in which Hazrat Usman distributed food grains extensively to people. He
took part in all major battles except battle of Badr and fought bravely in all. He was authority on the Muslim law of inheritance.
 :ELECTION AS CALIPH

On the deathbed, Hazrat Umar nominated 6 men to decide among themselves and make a khalifa. They all were part of ‘Asharah Mubaharah’.
They were:
► Hazrat Ali (RA)
► Hazrat Usman (RA)
► Hazrat Zubair bin Awwam
► Hazrat Talha
► Hazrat Abdur Rehman bin Auf
► Hazrat Saad bin Abi Waqqas
Among these, Abdur Rehman was not willing to shoulder this huge responsibly and Hazrat Talha was not present in Madina so only 4 candidaes
remained. Abdur Rehman was give the task to choose a khalifa between the 4. Zubair supported both Hazrat Ali and Hazrat Usman, Saad took
Hazrat Usman’s name while both Hazrat Ali and Hazrat Usman supported each other .. Abdur Rehman also consulted other prominent
companions and cam to a conclusion that majority wanted Hazrat Usman to be Caliph hence, he was declared Khalifa. Abdur Rehman and Hazrat
Ali took the bayyat first then there was a general bayyat. He was elected Khalifa on 4 th of Muharram 24 A.H
 :CONQUESTS

► Reconquest of Egypt: With the death of Umar and the disposal of 'Amr ibn al-'As from the governorship of Egypt, the
Byzantines seized Alexandria, thinking it to be the right time to take action. Uthman again sent 'Amr ibn al-'As to defend
Egypt and made him commander-in-chief of Egypt.
► Conquest of North Africa: Abdullah ibn Saad, the governor of Egypt felt that a regular campaign should be undertaken for the
conquest of North Africa where the Byzantine influence was strong. Uthman gave him permission after considering it in
Majlis al Shura and a force of 10,000 soldiers was sent as reinforcement. The King Gregory was defeated and killed in the
battle. After the battle the people of North Africa sued for peace and they agreed to pay an annual tribute. Instead of annexing
North Africa, the Muslims preferred to make it a vassal state.
► First Muslim invasion of Iberian Peninsula (Spain): When North Africa had been duly conquered by Abdullah ibn Saad, two of
his generals were commissioned to invade the coastal areas of Spain by sea. An Arab force landed in Spain, and succeeded in
conquering the coastal areas of Al-Andalus.. Presumably the Muslims established some colonies on the coast of Spain. There
are reasons to presume that these Muslims entered into trade relations with the rest of Spain and other parts of Europe.
► Campaign against Nubia (Sudan): Uthman’s governor of Egypt, Abdullah ibn Saad, sent another army to Nubia. The battle
was once again inconclusive, because of the Nubian archers who let loose a shower of arrows aimed at the eyes of the Muslim
warriors. As the Muslims were not able to overpower the Nubians, they accepted the offer of peace from the Nubian king
 ➔ conquest of the islands of the mediterranean sea.
➔ byzantine attempt to re-conquer syria.
➔ Re-conquest of fars[iran]
➔ Re-conquest of sistan [iran and afghanistan]
➔ second invasions;-
➔ Re-conquest of khorasan [iran ,afghanistan and turkmenistan]
‘ ➔ Campaign in uzbekistan
➔ Re-conquest of makran [pakistan]
➔ Campaign in sindh [pakistan]
:ISLAMIC UNDER HAZRAT USMAN
 :CHARGES AGAINST HAZRAT USMAN

► charges against hazrat usman:

- The first charge against him was the loss of Prophet's ring, made of silver, on which was inscribed 'Muhammad the
Apostle of Allah' by him.
- -he had placed men of worth eminent for their services, and given their places to his own relatives and the favorites.
- -Another allegiance leveled against Hazrat Usman RA was that he had lavished the public money upon parasites.
- -the order of burning of all the Quranic material except those official copies compiled under the committee formed
by Caliph.
► The last four years of hazrat usman were full of revolt.the people who had once been the great supporter of usman had put too many charges
against him.
These included the following:
The first charge against him was the loss of Prophet's ring, made of silver, on which was inscribed 'Muhammad the Apostle of Allah' by him-during his
caliphate,he had been sitting at the well of aris. He removed the prophets ring and started trifling with it.suddenly the ring fell in the well. Even after the
water of the well drained , the ring could not be found anywhere.
He had placed men of worth eminent for their services, and given their places to his own relatives and the favoritesThis accusation was incorrect as
there were 12 provinces in the county and hazrat usman had only placed his relatives in 4 of the provinces, egypt, syria ,kufa and basra. The
appointment of his relatives as governor was due to their outstanding qualities and they proved to be a great success.
Another allegiance leveled against Hazrat Usman RA was that he had lavished the public money on his relativesthe order of burning of all the Quranic
material except those official copies compiled under the committee formed by CaliphDuring usman caliphate there was no standardized copy of the
holy quran.Moreover he was Infromed that ever province has a different recitation method. Hazrat usman seeing this orders zaid bin sabit and a comitee
of scribes to make copies of the quran using the original copy which was with hazrat hafsa,wife of the holy prophet.he ordered the governors of the
country to send all the copies of quran to him.he then burnt the copies and send those made by the scribes to each governor.this however made people
angry who accused the caliph of burning the sacred volumes of quran.
He was also charged of impious presumption in having taken his stand, or being the first made caliph on the upper most step of the pulpit where Holy
Prophet SAW whereas Hazrat AbuBakr (RA) had stood one step lower and Hazrat Umar RA twoWhat this is concerned with is the position where the
Caliph stood when addressing the people, either before Friday prayer or indeed at any time he wanted to convey something to them. The fact is that
Abu Bakr and Umar each lowered his position a step, but it is not to be expected that every successive ruler will take a further step down. Otherwise,
with the passage of time, rulers and speech makers would go down below the floor level.
 :MARTYRDOM

► The rebels who had left madina after hazrat usman agreed on two of their conditions, returned again after 4 days. the reason was
that they had intercepted an order from khalifa to the governor of egypt to kill muhammad bin abu bakr and his companions on
their arrival. however, hazrat usman had not pass such order and he even swore about this but the rebels were furious and ask him
to abdicate the khilafat. Hazrat usman refused to abdicate after which the rebels besiged in the calip's house. It was the seventeenth
day of July in the year 856 C.E. uthman was keeping the fast that day. The previous night he had seen the Holy Prophet in a dream.
The Holy Prophet had said, "Uthman, break your fast with us this evening. We will welcome you". That made Uthman feel that it
was his last day of life. He prepared himself for death. He sat reading the Holy, Quran, and his wife Naila sat by his side.During the
siege hazrat hassan, hussain and abdullah brought food and water for the caliph.some of the companions were successful in
reaching inside the caliph house. They asked him to fight the rebels and send troops against them. But hazrat usman refused and
said that he didn't want to shed muslims blood.The siege lasted for 50 days when some of the rebels jumped in the houseand struck
blows at the head of Uthman. Naila threw herself on the body of Uthman to protect him. her fingers were cut and further blows
were struck on the caliph until he was dead. From God he had come and to God he returned. He died while keeping the fast, and
true to his dream he broke the fast in the company of the Holy Prophet that evening. Hazrat usman was buried in jannat up baqi in
madina The assassination of hazrat usman was a major blow to the unity of muslims which was maintained by the first 2 caliphs.
Serious differences arose between the muslims. They were divided into 2 sects: the hashimites and the umayyads. The umayyads
fought for a long time with hazrat Ali for the blood of hazrat usman. This further caused difficulties in the caliphate of hazrat Ali.
 :ADMINISTRATION

hazrat uthman was temperamentally democrat,kind,liberal and generous. he could therefore maintain the
autocratic policies followed by umar .uthman relaxed most of the restrictions that had been imposed on
the people by umar .he allowed the companions to leave madina at their discretion he allowed the arabs
to acquire lands in conquered territories. uthman remove the restrictions on trade . uthman deposed some
governors because of the requirements of the state . profiting from the kind nature of uthman the
deposed functionaries collected group of people round them , and they began to indulge in the criticism
of uthman.availing of the freedom that had been allowed under uthman some movements were
launched . e.g. the movement of ibn saba which aimed subversion of islam within. under uthman, the
people became economically more prosperous and on the political plane they came to enjoy a larger
degree of freedom . no institution were devised to channelize political ctivity, and in the absences of
such institutions, the pre-islamic tribal jealousies and rivalries which had been suppressed under islam
erupted onceagain
 SAYINGS OF PROPHET(PBUH) ABOUT HAZRAT
:USMAN
► Every Prophet will have a special companion of him in Paradise, and my companion there will be Usman. (ibn-e-
Majah)
► Should I not be modest in front of the man whom even angels feel shy of (about Usman) (Muslim)
► Oh Usman! If Allah some day give you this government and the hypocrites want you to put off this government
which Allah gave you, then you should not put it off (Prophet repeated these words three time) (Ibn-e-Majah,
Tirmizi)
► Once a funeral came in front of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) to offer funeral prayer. He didn’t offer the prayer of that
person and went back. On getting asked, he replied “ he kept hatred from Usman, thus Allah kept hatred from him
(Mishkawt)
► If I had any other daughter, I would have married her with Usman (after death of Hazrat Ruqayya and Hazrat Umme-
Kulsum) (Muslim)
:CHARACTER

Hazrat usman was an elegant, educated and cultured merchant-prince standing out among his
poor compatriots.he was an family man ; who led a simple life even after becoming the
caliph, despite the fact that his flourishing family had made him rich. prior caliphs had been
paid for their services from bayt al mal , the public treasury, but the independently wealthy
uthman never took a salary. hazrat uthman was also a humanitarian ; he customarily freed
slaves every friday, looked after the widows and orphans, and gave unlimited charity. his
patience and endurance were among the characteristics that made him a successful leader.
 ARMY PUBLIC SCHOOL
& COLLEGES SYSTEM
(CAMBRIDGE SECTION)
(2058)
;

PRESENTATION ON HAZRAT UTHMAN BIN AFFAN

BY:
● AIMAN SNOBAR
,

● ZUNAIRA IQBAL
● SANA SHAFAQAT
● WAJEEHA
● SAMEER SULTANA