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Concepts of Metrology and Importance of Calibration

This document discusses key concepts in metrology including calibration, traceability, and units of measurement. It emphasizes that calibration is important for accurate measurements and establishing traceability to international standards. Metrology ensures measurements are defined, realized through scientific methods, and traceable through an unbroken chain of calibrations. Calibration intervals should be determined based on factors like required accuracy, equipment use and stress, and past calibration stability to ensure reliable measurements.

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Dhruv Prajapati
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© © All Rights Reserved
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39 views

Concepts of Metrology and Importance of Calibration

This document discusses key concepts in metrology including calibration, traceability, and units of measurement. It emphasizes that calibration is important for accurate measurements and establishing traceability to international standards. Metrology ensures measurements are defined, realized through scientific methods, and traceable through an unbroken chain of calibrations. Calibration intervals should be determined based on factors like required accuracy, equipment use and stress, and past calibration stability to ensure reliable measurements.

Uploaded by

Dhruv Prajapati
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONCEPTS OF METROLOGY AND IMPORTANCE OF

CALIBRATION
 CALIBRATION – Comparison
 METROLOGY – Science of Measurement
 TRACEABILITY – Unbroken Chain of Comparisons
Importance of Calibration
 Assurance of accurate of measurements
 Ability to trace measurements to International
standards
 International acceptance of test/calibration reports
 Correct diagnosis of illness (medical reports)
 Consumer protection (legal metrology)
 Meeting the requirements of ISO 9000 and 17025

3
METROLOGY
 Metrology Covers Three Main Tasks:
 The definition of internationally accepted units of measurement
 The realization of units of measurement by scientific method
 Establishment of traceability chain in documenting the accuracy
of a measurement

“Metrology is essential in scientific research”


Calibration (Old Definition)

“Calibration
is the comparing of an unknown
measurement device against equal or better
known standard under specified conditions”

5
Calibration
Units of Measurement
SI Units published by BIPM(Bureau of Weights and Measures)
Base Units…

Quantity Unit Symbol


Length metre m
Mass kilogram kg
Time second s
Temperature kelvin K
Electric current ampere A
Luminous intensity candela cd
Amount of substance mole mol 7
Metrology Laboratories

 Primary Laboratories NML, NMI, NPL etc

 Reference Laboratories

 Calibration Laboratories

8
Metrological Traceability

”property of a measurement result whereby the


result can be related to a reference through a
documented unbroken chain of calibrations, each
contributing to the measurement uncertainty”

9
How Do We Get Traceability ?

Common point of reference

My laboratory Your laboratory Their laboratory

10
International standards

National Metrology Institute

National community that is using


measurements

11
HIERACHY OF MEASUREMENT STANDARDS
HIERARCHY OF MEASUREMENTS

Primary Standards
Traceable to BIPM

Secondary
Standards

Working
Standards

Instruments
Used in Lab/
Industry
EXAMPLE
MASS COMPARATOR Traceable to

BIPM Prototype 1kg

USE

Transfer

Prototype 1kg

Traceable
Calibrate
to
SI Units

Analytical Balance Set of Classes E2, F1, F2, and M1


13
GAUGE BLOCK COMPARATOR
Primary Standard

Traceable to

Laser interferometer

Compare
USE

Grade K set

Calibrate

Grade 1 set

14
CALBRATION INTERVALS

What is Calibration interval ???

Period of time of use to ensure the equipment remains reliable

Interval is too short : Calibration $$$$$

Interval too long : Risk of bad measurements

15
CALBRATION INTERVALS

ISO 17025 Requirements:

Capable of achieving required accuracy


Comply with specifications relevant to test/calibration method
Use under established calibration programme

Therefore need to :

Define required accuracy


Identify the equipment that can affect it
Manage all equipment under a calibration programme

16
RECOMMENDED CALBRATION INTERVALS

N No single correct answer Calibration represents an


instantaneous snapshot of
actual condition

Depend upon

Level of stress - subjected


Stability of past calibration
Allowable tolerance range
Required accuracy
Quality Assurance Requirements

17
RECOMMENDED CALBRATION INTERVALS

Final Analysis Period between two calibrations

Determined & Monitored

USER HIMSELF

18
HOW TO ESTABLISH CALIBRATION INTERVAL

Consider influencing factors and existing knowledge : eg


Accuracy sought & consequences of error
Manufacture’s recommendations
Accommodation & environment
Purpose and usage
Maintenance & servicing
Trends from previous calibration
Frequency of checks
Etc. etc. etc. ….

Ref. - ILAC – G 24 : Guidelines for determination of calibration interval of


measuring instruments
19

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