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Topic2 - Force Method of Analysis Frames

Theory of Structures II Force Method of Analysis (Frames) Reference: Structural Analysis 10th Edition in SI Units by R.C. Hibbeler

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Mary Joanne Capacio Aniñon
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199 views

Topic2 - Force Method of Analysis Frames

Theory of Structures II Force Method of Analysis (Frames) Reference: Structural Analysis 10th Edition in SI Units by R.C. Hibbeler

Uploaded by

Mary Joanne Capacio Aniñon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CED 426

Structural Theory II
Lecture 7
Force Method of Analysis: Frames

Mary Joanne C. Aniñon


Instructor
STATICALLY INDETERMINATE
STUCTURES
• When all the on the stable structure can be determined strictly from
the equilibrium equations, the structure is referred to as statically
determinate.
• Structures having more unknown forces than available equilibrium
equations are called statically indeterminate.
• A structure is classified as statically indeterminate when the number
of unknowns exceed the number of equilibrium equations needed to
determine these unknowns.
METHOD OF ANALYSIS
• When analyzing any statically indeterminate structure, it is necessary
to satisfy the equilibrium, compatibility, and force-displacement
requirements for the structure.
METHOD OF ANALYSIS
• Equilibrium is satisfied when the reactive forces hold the structure at
rest.
• Compatibility is satisfied when the various segments of the structure
fit together without intentional breaks or overlaps.
• The force-displacement requirements depend upon the wat the
structure’s material responds to load. In this book (lecture), we have
assumed this to be a linear elastic response.
METHOD OF ANALYSIS
• In general, there are 2 different ways to satisfy these three
requirements.
• Force or Flexibility Method
• Displacement or Stiffness Method
METHOD OF ANALYSIS
• FORCE METHOD
• Originally developed by James Clerk Maxwell in 1864 and later refined by Otto Mohr
and Heinrich Muller-Breslau
• Since this method was based on compatibility forms, it has sometimes been
referred to as the compatibility method or the method of consistent displacement.
• It consists of first writing equations that satisfy the compatibility and force-
displacement requirements for the structure in order to determine the redundant
forces.
• Then once these forces have been determined, the remaining reactive
forces on the structure are determined by satisfying the equilibrium
requirements.
PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSIS
• The following procedure provides a general method for determining the reactions of statically indeterminate
structures using the force or flexibility method of analysis.

1.a. Determine the unknown redundant forces.


1.b. Determine the equilibrium equations
1.c. Determine the number of degrees to which the
structure is indeterminate.
1.d. Specify the redundant forces/moments that
must be removed from the structure in order to
make it statically determinate and stable.
1.e. Draw the statically indeterminate structure and
show it equal to a series of corresponding statically
determinate structures.
1.f. Sketch the elastic curve on each structure and
indicate symbolically the displacement or rotation
at the point of each redundant force or moment.
PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSIS
• The following procedure provides a general method for determining the reactions of statically indeterminate
structures using the force or flexibility method of analysis.

2.a. Write the compatibility equation for the


displacement or rotation.
2.b. Determine all the deflections and flexibility
coefficients.
2.c. Substitute these results into the compatibility
equations.
2.d. Solve for the unknown redundant.
PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSIS
• The following procedure provides a general method for determining the reactions of statically indeterminate
structures using the force or flexibility method of analysis.
FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS:
FRAMES
EXAMPLE 1
Problem
FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS: FRAMES
EXAMPLE 1

Solution:

Step 1: PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION


• Unknown: 4
• Equilibrium Equations: 3
• Therefore, the frame is indeterminate to the
first degree.
• The redundant will be taken as Ax in order
to determine this force directly.
∆ ′ 𝐴 = 𝐴 𝑥 𝑓 𝐴𝐴
FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS:
FRAMES
EXAMPLE 1
Solution:

Step 2: COMPATIBILITY EQUATION

0=∆ 𝐴 +∆ ′ 𝐴
∆ ′ 𝐴 = 𝐴𝑥 𝑓 𝐴𝐴
FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS:
FRAMES
EXAMPLE 1
Solution:
Determine the deflections and flexibility coefficient using
the method of virtual work:
• Assign 3 coordinates ,
• Remove the real loads, apply unit load (Ax = 1)
• Solve the reactions

𝐴𝑥 − 𝐵𝑥=0 𝐴𝑦=𝐵𝑦=0
𝐵𝑥=1
FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS:
FRAMES
EXAMPLE 1
Solution:
• Solve the virtual moments, m

∑ 𝑀=0
𝑚1 − 1( 𝑥1 )=0 −𝑚2 − 1 ( 5 ) =0 −𝑚3 +1(𝑥 ¿¿ 3)=0 ¿
𝑚1=1 𝑥1 𝑚2=− 5 𝑚3 =1 𝑥 3
FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS:
FRAMES
EXAMPLE 1
Solution:
𝐴𝑥= 𝐵𝑥=0 𝐴𝑦 + 𝐵𝑦 − 40 ( 10 ) =0
• Apply the real loads 𝐴𝑦=400
• Solve the reactions
( 40 ) ( 20 ) ( 10 ) − 𝐵𝑦 ( 20 )=0
• Solve the real moments, M
𝐵𝑦=400

∑ 𝑀=0
𝑀 1=0 − 𝑀 2 − 40 ( 𝑥 2 ) ( )
𝑥2
2
+400 ( 𝑥2 )= 0 𝑀 3=0
𝑀 2= 400 𝑥 2 −20 𝑥 22
FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS:
FRAMES
EXAMPLE 1
Solution:

• Virtual-Work Equation
FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS:
FRAMES
EXAMPLE 1
Solution:
(𝑚)(𝑚)
𝑓 𝐴𝐴 =∫ 𝑑𝑥
• Virtual-Work Equation 𝐸𝐼

from Maxwell’s Theorem:


FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS:
FRAMES
EXAMPLE 1
Solution:

• Substitute the results to the compatibility equation:


FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS:
FRAMES
EXAMPLE 1
Solution:
Step 3: EQUILIBRIUM EQUATIONS

∑ 𝐹 𝑥 =0 ∑ 𝑀=0𝑎𝑡 𝐴 229 kN
Bx
229 − 𝐵𝑥=0
40 ( 20 ) (10 ) − 𝐵𝑦 ( 20 )= 0
𝐵𝑥=229 𝑘𝑁
𝐵𝑦=400 𝑘𝑁 Ay
By

∑ 𝐹 𝑦=0
𝐴𝑦 + 𝐵𝑦 − 40 ( 20 ) =0

𝐴𝑦=400 𝑘𝑁

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