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Soils of India - Map Practice

This document discusses the different types of soils found in India, including alluvial soil, black soil, red soil, laterite soil, mountain soil, and desert soil. It provides details on the location, composition, fertility, and crops suitable for each soil type. The various soils are formed by geological processes like sediment deposition, weathering of volcanic rocks, erosion, and leaching under different climatic conditions. Alluvial soil is the most widespread and fertile, found in river plains, while desert soil lacks moisture and nutrients.

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Abhaygyan Singh
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231 views

Soils of India - Map Practice

This document discusses the different types of soils found in India, including alluvial soil, black soil, red soil, laterite soil, mountain soil, and desert soil. It provides details on the location, composition, fertility, and crops suitable for each soil type. The various soils are formed by geological processes like sediment deposition, weathering of volcanic rocks, erosion, and leaching under different climatic conditions. Alluvial soil is the most widespread and fertile, found in river plains, while desert soil lacks moisture and nutrients.

Uploaded by

Abhaygyan Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOILS OF INDIA

Location of Different Soils


Found in India
Types of Soils Found in
India
• Alluvial soil
• Black soil
• Red soil
• Laterite soil
• Mountain soil
• Desert soil
MOUNTAIN SOIL
Mountain Soil
• Mountain soil is mainly found on the hill slopes
covered with forests.
• It is formed by the deposition of organic matter
from forest.
• It is rich in humus but poor in potash and lime.
• It is found in, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal
Pradesh, Uttrakhand , Sikkim and Arunachal
Pradesh.
• This soil is good for growing tea, coffee, spices.
Desert Soil
Desert soil
• Desert soil is formed in the region of less
rainfall and high temperature.
• It is red to brown in colour.
• Due to high temperature, dry climate and fast
evaporation the soil lacks humus and moisture.
• It is porous and coarse with 90% sand and 5%
clay.
• It contain high proportion of soluble salt.
Desert soil
• After taking proper irrigation measures, this
soil can be used for cultivation.
• Drought resistant crops like millet, barley and
dates can be grown here.
• It is found in north west Rajasthan and
adjoining areas of Punjab, Haryana, Kutch area
of western Gujarat and western parts of
Aravalli mountains.
Alluvial Soil
ALLUVIAL SOIL
Alluvial Soil
• Alluvial soil is the most widespread soil in
India and found in northern plains and
deltas of major rivers.
• This soil is formed by the transportation
and deposition of sediments brought by
the rivers.
• It is light to dark in colour and is coarse in
the plains and finest in the delta region.
Alluvial Soil
• It is rich in potash and humus but poor in
phosphorous and nitrogen.
• It is highly fertile and good for all the
crops like wheat, sugarcane, cotton, jute
etc.
• It is found in Punjab, Haryana, U.P., Bihar,
W.B., Assam, parts of Orissa, Gujarat,
eastern Rajasthan and delta of major
rivers.
Black Soil
India
Black Soil
• Black soil is formed by the weathering of volcanic
rocks. It is found in Deccan plateau and locally
called Regur.
• It can hold moisture because it is made up of fine
clayey material.
• It is good for the cultivation of cotton and
sugarcane.
• It covers the north western part of peninsular
plateau in the state of Maharashtra, Gujarat,
Madhya Pradesh and parts of Telangana ,
Karnataka.
Red Soil
Red Soil
• Red Soil is formed by the erosion of
igneous rocks in a warm, temperate and
moist climate.
• It is sandy and less clayey.
• It is red in colour because of iron oxide
present in it.
Red Soil
• Red soil is rich in iron but poor in humus,
phosphorous, nitrogen and lime. It can be made
fertile by adding manure and chemical
fertilizers.
• Red soil is suitable for the cultivation of millets,
pulses, linseed (alsi/ flax seed), tobacco etc.
• It is found in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra
Pradesh, Orissa ,Jharkhand and north eastern
states like Manipur, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh,
Nagaland amd Mizoram.
Laterite Soil
Laterite Soil
• The word laterite is derived from Latin
word later which means brick.
• It is formed due to intense leaching in
the areas with high temperature and
heavy rainfall.
• Due to the lack of nitrogen, potassium,
and organic material it is not fertile
and not suitable for growing crops.
Laterite Soil
• This soil can be cultivated by using manure and
fertilizer. It is good for the cultivation of tea,
coffee, cashew nuts, mangoes and coconuts.
• It is found in Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu,
Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Assam.
• It becomes hard when exposed to atmosphere
thus used as building material.
Types of Soils Found in
India
• Alluvial soil
• Black soil
• Red soil
• Laterite soil
• Mountain soil
• Desert soil
Location of Soils in India
Natural Vegetation in India

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